[Table of Contents]
APPENDIX D - LAND OWNERSHIP AND GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE
ALASKA
The Act and Regulations apply to timber harvesting, silvicultural practices, log handling and transportation and related road construction improvement or maintenance on state or private lands. To be regulated by the Act, operations not bordering riparian areas or other waters must be a minimum of 10 acre (4 ha) in extent in Region 1 or 40 acres (16 ha) in Regions II or III. Operations must also be commercial in nature.
Information on the ownership and total area of the forest land base in Alaska was not provided.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
The Forest Practices Code applies to forest and range practices on public forest land (including provincial forest and wilderness areas), range land. The BC FPC Act enables forest practices regulation on private land and private land which is subject to a Tree Farm Licence or Woodlot Licence (FPC Act, 1994:s.2).
Table D1 outlines the area of Forest Land in British Columbia.
CALIFORNIA
The Act and Rules apply to state and private lands but not to federal lands. California's 1993 timber production of about 10.7 million m3 (2,263 million board feet, Scribmer log scale; conversion is approximately 6fbm=1cu.ft. and 1 cu.m.=35.3147 cu.ft.) (R. Johnson, pers. comm.) was third, behind only Oregon and Washington, in all of the United States. Productive forest land, defined as land capable of producing at least 20 cubic feet per acre per year (1.4 m3/ha/yr.), covers 18.544 million acres (about 7.5 million ha), comprising about 18% of California's total area (Little Hoover Commission, 1994). About half of the productive forest area, 3.2 million ha, is under the jurisdiction of the Forest Practices Act. Most of the remaining productive forest land, roughly another 3.5 million ha, is in National Forests under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service (U.S.F.S.).
Table D2 outlines the area of Forest Land in California.
FINLAND
The Private Forestry Act regulates forests in private ownership (families, companies, municipalities, and parishes). Approximately 76% of the forested land in Finland is privately owned. The remaining 4.8 million ha of productive forest land are public land, managed under the Finnish Forest and Park Service Act. Of this, 3.2 million ha are under active management (Finnish Forest and Park Service, 1994). The majority of state forests are low-productivity northern forests. These areas are good for multiple-use activities, especially recreation and conservation (J. Heino pers. comm.).
Table D3 outlines the area of Forest Land in Finland.
GERMANY
Federal Republic of Germany
Table D4 outlines the area of Forest land in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Baden-Wurttemburg
The Forest Law applies to all forest land in Baden-Wurttemburg.
Table D5 outlines the area of Forest Land in Baden-Wurttemburg.
Bavaria
The Forest Law applies to all forest land in Bavaria.
Table D6 outlines the area of Forest Land in Bavaria.
NOVA SCOTIA
All Crown (public) lands and private forest lands are subject to the Forests Act of 1986. As well, they are subject to any and all other pertinent legislations and/or any regulations or guidelines pertaining to forest operations on that land.
Table D7 outlines the area of Forest Land in Nova Scotia.
ONTARIO
The Crown Forest Sustainability Act applies to Crown (public) land and Crown trees on patent (crown granted) land only.
Table D8 outlines the area of Forest Land in Ontario.
OREGON
The Oregon Forest Practices Act and Rules apply to private, state and other public lands except federal lands. The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and most native Indian tribes have agreed to meet or exceed state forest practices requirements. Local governments can be exempted when satisfactory local rules have been adopted and approved by the State Forester.
Reforestation requirements and clearcut restrictions under the Rules apply only to Class I and II lands in eastern Oregon and to lands capable of producing at least 50 cubic feet per acre per year (3.5 m3/ha/yr.) in northwestern and southwestern Oregon. About 60% of the commercial forest land base is in western Oregon.
More than half of Oregon's forest lands are under federal jurisdiction, mostly (47% of the total) that of the USFS. Nearly 40% are under private ownership; slightly more than half of those private lands are owned by forest companies.
Table D9 outlines the area of Forest Land in Oregon.
SWEDEN
Ownership of forest land is divided between the public (26%), private companies (24%) and individuals (50%). The majority of the public forest land is concentrated in northern Sweden and is managed by the National Forest Enterprise of Sweden - A company that is jointly owned by the state (51%) and public shareholders (49%).
Table D10 outlines the area of Forest Land in Sweden.
TASMANIA
Tasmania's Code applies to all forest land tenures, both Crown (public) and private forests. Forestry Tasmania has jurisdiction over public or crown forests. The Forest Practice Board also applies the Code to private lands, but must do so in conjunction with a Private Forests Council. Minor operations, where the timber processor has harvested less than 500 tonnes in the previous financial year, or will clearfell less than 10 ha in the current year, are not subject to the Code unless in sensitive areas, but it is desirable that these operations are carried out according to the standards of the Forest Practices Code (THP, 1988:4).
Table D11 outlines the area of Forest Land in Tasmania.
UNITED KINGDOM
The Forestry regulations of the U.K. apply to any land, public or private, that is under a Forest Enterprise Plan or Woodland Grant Scheme. Over half of the forested land in the U.K. is private land.
Table D12 outlines the area of Forest Land in the United Kingdom.
U.S. FOREST SERVICE (REGION 6)
Lands in the national forest system total about 190 million acres (77 million ha) and are under the administration of the Forest Service, USDA. National Forests cover about 24 million acres (about 10 million ha) in Region 6 and represent roughly 30% of the forest lands in the state of Washington and 50% of Oregon's forest lands. All national forest lands are in the public domain.
Table D13 outlines the area of Forest Land in the U.S. Forest Service (Region 6).
The area covered by the ROD was defined by the range of the Norther Spotted Owl and extends from western Washington, through western Oregon and into northern California.
VICTORIA STATE
The Code is applied to all public land and private land which is, or is to be, used for commercial timber production. Compliance with the Code and conditions of Forest Coupe Plans on public land is required by the conditions of licences issued under the provisions of the Conservation, Forests and Lands Act 1987, and the Forests Act 1958, and other licences and authorities issued under Acts administered by the Minister for Conservation and Natural Resources. On private land, compliance is required through Planning Schemes administered under the provisions of the Planning and Environment Act 1987 (Code, 1989:3).
Table D14 outlines the area of Forest Lands in Victoria State.
WASHINGTON
Nearly 40% of the land area in the state is forested. About 54% of the state's forest land is in public ownership. About 59% of the publically owned forest land is federal; most of that is National Forest land, under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
The legislation applies to private and State forest lands. Federal agencies such as the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) have agreed to meet or exceed state standards with respect to water quality issues.
Table D15 outlines the area of Forest land in Washington State.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
The Code of Logging Practice applies to the state forest and other Crown (public) lands managed by CALM and private lands where CALM is in control of logging operations (COLP, 1990:i).
Table D16 outlines the area of Forest Land in Western Australia.
