Keyword: western hemlock

• Site index curves and tables for British Columbia: Coastal species.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0001.htm
  The objective of this report was to disseminate, in graphical and tabular format, site index relationships selected by the Coastal Forest Productivity Council in cooperation with the Ministry of Forest and Lands for use on the coast of British Columbia. The species included coastal Douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn), amibilis fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forb.), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.). The figures and corresponding tables were produced by a computerized plotting system, GRAFLEX. ...

• A growth intercept model for coastal Douglas-fir.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0038.htm
  This research develops a growth intercept model for coastal Douglas-fir. Forty-eight stem analysis plots were located in the Coastal Western Hemlock and Coastal Douglas-Fir biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia. Three Douglas-fir trees in each plot were selected for intensive sampling. These trees were cut down and the height at the end of each growing season was identified from the annual branch whorls. The top height growth of the plots was reconstructed and the site index and growth intercept for breast height ages one to 50 were calculated from the height-breast height age data. A model was then fitted to the site index and growth intercept data, resulting in a growth intercept model which consisted of 50 functions. Four refinements to the growth intercept modelling technique are introduced in this report. These eliminate deficiencies noted in other growth intercept modelling endeavours. ...

• A system for estimating height and site index of western hemlock in the interior of British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0076.htm
  A system for estimating height and site index of western hemlock in the interior of British Columbia. ...

• Site index conversion equations for mixed western hemlock-amabilis fir stands.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0078.htm
  Site index conversion equations for mixed western hemlock-amabilis fir stands. ...

• Growth intercept models and tables for British Columbia - coastal species.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0082.htm
  This field guide insert presents the growth intercept models and tables available for use in coastal regions of British Columbia. Included are growth intercept models and tables for: Western Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and Douglas-fir. The Options section notes any options and alternative models or model formulations, and provides references that are available from the above address. The tables are designed for rough estimation of site index in the field. The formulation or the appropriate publication should be consulted for accurate site index determination. The arbitrary range of site index in the tables is 10-50 m. The tables are in a common format for consistency among species and do not necessarily represent the range of site indices found in the model development data. Site index is based on top height and a reference age of 50 years (breast height) for all species. Estimates of growth intercept and site index that are beyond the range of the data used in the analyses (given in the Notes section for each ...

• Growth intercept models and tables for British Columbia - interior species.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0083.htm
  This field guide insert presents the growth intercept models and tables available for use in the interior of British Columbia. Included are growth intercept models and tables for: Lodgepole Pine, Interior Spruce, Douglas-fir, Western Hemlock, Subalpine Fir, Western Redcedar, and Western Larch. The Options section notes any options and alternative models or model formulations, and provides references that are available from the above address. The tables are designed for rough estimation of site index in the field. The formulation or the appropriate publication should be consulted for accurate site index determination. The arbitrary range of site index in the tables is 5-40 m. The tables are in a common format for consistency among species and do not necessarily represent the range of site indices found in the model development data. Site index is based on top height and a reference age of 50 years (breast height) for all species. Estimates of growth intercept and site index that are beyond the range of the ...

• Site index adjustment for old-growth coastal western hemlock stands in the Kalum Forest District.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0087.htm
  Site index adjustment for old-growth coastal western hemlock stands in the Kalum Forest District. ...

• Growth intercept models for species without distinct annual branch whorls: western hemlock.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0089.htm
  Growth intercept models for species without distinct annual branch whorls: western hemlock. ...

• Interim validation of the western hemlock growth intercept model.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0092.htm
  Interim validation of the western hemlock growth intercept model. ...

• Site index conversion equations for mixed Sitka spruce / western hemlock stands.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0099.htm
  Site index conversion equations for mixed Sitka spruce / western hemlock stands. ...

• Site index conversion equations for mixed species stands.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0101.htm
  Models are developed to predict the site index of one species in a mixed stand from the site index of a cohort. These models are applicable to site quality evaluation, growth and yield modelling, and timber management planning. A single-equation compatible site index conversion system is developed using the geometric mean regression (GMR) line for the following species mixes: coastal Douglas-fir/western hemlock; interior Douglas-fir/lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir/white spruce, Douglas-fir/western hemlock, Douglas-fir/western larch, white spruce/lodgepole pine, white spruce/subalpine fir, lodgepole pine/subalpine fir, and lodgepole pine/western larch. ...

• Effects of Thinning and Fertilizing Mixed Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Stands.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0313.htm
  Effects of Thinning and Fertilizing Mixed Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Stands. ...

• Early genetic gains verified in realized-gain trials of coastal Douglas-fir and western hemlock.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0352.htm
  Early genetic gains verified in realized-gain trials of coastal Douglas-fir and western hemlock. ...

• Dose-response models for stand thinning with the "Ezject" herbicide injection system.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0429.htm
  This report analyzes mortality data collected to test the effectiveness of the "Ezject'' herbicide lance developed by B. Dillistone. The lance injects a used .22 cartridge containing 0.22-0.24 g of the herbicide glyphosate into a tree. This method is fairly safe for the person applying the treatment and for the environment, since the herbicide is contained. The lance can also treat a large number of trees quickly. Five trials were established in 1980 for western hemlock, Douglas-fir, and lodgepole pine. Initial dose-response models have been developed for western hemlock and Douglas-fir. Models could not be fit for lodgepole pine, however, because not enough large trees were treated and the treatments were confounded with other factors. It is clear that the "Ezject'' lance injector system is effective for killing trees. Increasing the number of capsules or placing them around the tree increased the size of tree which could be killed. Seasonal effects were small in the long run. It is recommended th ...

• Frost hardiness, root growth capactiy, and field performance relationships in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0541.htm
  Frost hardiness, root growth capactiy, and field performance relationships in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings. ...

• The potential of improving western hemlock pulp and paper quality: I. Genetic control and interrelationships of wood and fibre traits.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0697.htm
  The potential of improving western hemlock pulp and paper quality: I. Genetic control and interrelationships of wood and fibre traits. ...

• Ectomycorrhizae of Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings outplanted on eastern Vancouver Island.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0937.htm
  Ectomycorrhizae of Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings outplanted on eastern Vancouver Island. ...

• Effect of applied nitrogen on the mycorrhizae of western hemlock.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0962.htm
  Effect of applied nitrogen on the mycorrhizae of western hemlock. ...

• Effects of urea fertilization on ectomycorrhizae of western hemlock.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0971.htm
  Effects of urea fertilization on ectomycorrhizae of western hemlock. ...

• STIM Users' Manual (for Windows) version 2.2a.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0995.htm
  The Windows version of STIM (WINSTIM) integrates a graphical user interface with a FORTRAN computational program. The interface, written in Microsoft Visual BasicTM, is a true Windows application that is linked to the underlying FORTRAN code. The user controls the model through the Windows interface. Example displays from WIN-STIM are included throughout this manual. Since some displays may have been taken from different versions of WINSTIM, the output may not always agree with your display output. The current version of WIN-STIM has been calibrated for both natural and thinned stands of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), based on data from coastal British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. The minimum diameter at breast height (dbh) limit for all growth projections is fixed at 5.08 cm (2"), with the exception of merchantable volume reporting (see Control Options). All data are entered and reported in metric units. All ages reported are breast height ages. ...

• Preliminary assessment of selected communities of soil organisms under different conifer species.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1086.htm
  This study used the second-growth plantations of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, Sitka spruce, and western redcedar of the Ministry of Forests Experimental Project 571 (species-espacement trial established in 1965-1966 on southern Vancouver Island) to take a preliminary look at the effects of different conifer species on collembolan, oribatid mite, and macrofungal species. For all three groups of soil organisms, overall frequency or abundance and diversity were noticeably less under western redcedar compared with the other conifer species. Using similarity indices, we found that the macrofungus communities (species and abundance) differed under the various conifers. The community of forest floor oribatid mites under Douglas-fir was distinct, but we could not detect differences between the other conifer species. We could not detect differences in forest floor collembolan communities between any of the conifers. ...

• Ecological description and classification of some Pine Mushroom (Tricholoma magnivelare) habitat in British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1087.htm
  agment content. Forest floors tended to be relatively thin, and wildfire was the most common natural disturbance regime. The most consistent tree species was western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), with lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and Douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) sometimes present. Shrub and herb species tended to have relatively low cover values, while moss cover was highly variable, ranging from 7 to 97%. In general, the soil, vegetation, and forest stand results indicate that submesic site series correlate well with pine mushroom habitat. This consistency in habitat across forest subzones should allow forest managers to better recognize and consider potential commercial mushroom ground in development plans. ...

• Pruning Density and Severity in Coastal Western Hemlock: 4-Year Results.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1110.htm
  Pruning Density and Severity in Coastal Western Hemlock: 4-Year Results. ...

• Site index conversion equations for western redcedar and western hemlock.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1138.htm
  Site index conversion equations for western redcedar and western hemlock. ...

• Revised Growth Intercept Models for Coastal Western Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and Interior Spruce
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1217.htm
  Revised Growth Intercept Models for Coastal Western Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and Interior Spruce ...

• Effects of Thinning and Fertilizing Mixed Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Stands.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1225.htm
  Effects of Thinning and Fertilizing Mixed Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Stands. ...

• Effects of Sites and Provenances on 6th-year Performance of Noble Fir in Coastal British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1227.htm
  A range-wide sample of 23 noble fir provenances was tested over 12 locations in the coastal region of British Columbia. Site means of 6th-year height varied from 37 to 119 cm, 3rd-year leader elongation from 3 to 25 cm, 1st-year survival from 26 to 97%, and 6th-year survival from 81 to 91 % (trees which died during the first winter were replanted the second year). Generally, the more maritime the site, the more vigorously noble fir grew. Provenance variation was large, but showed no discernible pattern of geographic variation. Noble fir ecologically and genetically adapted to a maritime climate; it is susceptible to frost at sites with continental influence. The species grows well at sites in the warmer variants of the Dry and Moist Maritime Coastal Western Hemlock subzones, and the wetter variant of the moist Mountain Hemlock subzone. Sites on warm aspects particularly encourage growth. Planting of noble fir at present should be limited to sites within the spiritual biogeoclimatic units. Provenanc ...

• Development of variable retention (VRAF) for coastal Douglas-fir, western hemlock, lodgepole pine, and white spruce.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1298.htm
  Development of variable retention (VRAF) for coastal Douglas-fir, western hemlock, lodgepole pine, and white spruce. ...

• Modelling the relationship between crown morphology and wood characteristics of coastal western hemlock in British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1300.htm
  Modelling the relationship between crown morphology and wood characteristics of coastal western hemlock in British Columbia. ...

• Root structure of western hemlock and western redcedar in single- and mixed-species stands.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1318.htm
  Root structure of western hemlock and western redcedar in single- and mixed-species stands. ...

• Forest floor properties in single- and mixed-species stands of western hemlock and western redcedar.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1319.htm
  Forest floor properties in single- and mixed-species stands of western hemlock and western redcedar. ...