Keyword: spruce
- Site index curves and tables for British Columbia: Coastal species.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0001.htm
The objective of this report was to disseminate, in graphical and tabular format, site index relationships selected by the Coastal Forest Productivity Council in cooperation with the Ministry of Forest and Lands for use on the coast of British Columbia. The species included coastal Douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn), amibilis fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forb.), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.). The figures and corresponding tables were produced by a computerized plotting system, GRAFLEX. ...
- First approximation managed stand yield tables for interior white spruce: initial spacing.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0048.htm
First approximation managed stand yield tables for interior white spruce: initial spacing. ...
- Simulation of the growth of even-aged stands of white spruce.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0068.htm
Simulation of the growth of even-aged stands of white spruce. ...
- Relationship between the crown width-diameter ratio of white spruce trees and stand density, age, and site in the interior of British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0069.htm
Relationship between the crown width-diameter ratio of white spruce trees and stand density, age, and site in the interior of British Columbia. ...
- Variation in the growth on Engelmann spruce in a valley in the southern interior of British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0071.htm
Variation in the growth on Engelmann spruce in a valley in the southern interior of British Columbia. ...
- Site index adjustments for old-growth stands based on veteran trees.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0079.htm
Regional studies are supporting foresters' perceptions that the site indices of British Columbia's old-growth stands are being underestimated. A province-wide paired-plot study resulted in old-growth site index adjustments for coastal Douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii), interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss, P. engelmannii (Parry) Engelm., and P. glauca x P. engelmannii), and interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl.). The objective of this study is to develop adjustments for species not covered in the provincial project. Adjustments for the species in the provincial project are also derived for comparison purposes. The data for this study come from temporary and permanent sample plots with a veteran and a main stand component. The site indices for the two components were estimated and an adjustment equation for each species was derived using the two site indices in a linear regression analysis. The veteran compone ...
- A Sitka spruce height-age model with improved extrapolation properties.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0080.htm
A Sitka spruce height-age model with improved extrapolation properties. ...
- Growth intercept models and tables for British Columbia - coastal species.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0082.htm
This field guide insert presents the growth intercept models and tables available for use in coastal regions of British Columbia. Included are growth intercept models and tables for: Western Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and Douglas-fir. The Options section notes any options and alternative models or model formulations, and provides references that are available from the above address. The tables are designed for rough estimation of site index in the field. The formulation or the appropriate publication should be consulted for accurate site index determination. The arbitrary range of site index in the tables is 10-50 m. The tables are in a common format for consistency among species and do not necessarily represent the range of site indices found in the model development data. Site index is based on top height and a reference age of 50 years (breast height) for all species. Estimates of growth intercept and site index that are beyond the range of the data used in the analyses (given in the Notes section for each ...
- Growth intercept models and tables for British Columbia - interior species.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0083.htm
This field guide insert presents the growth intercept models and tables available for use in the interior of British Columbia. Included are growth intercept models and tables for: Lodgepole Pine, Interior Spruce, Douglas-fir, Western Hemlock, Subalpine Fir, Western Redcedar, and Western Larch. The Options section notes any options and alternative models or model formulations, and provides references that are available from the above address. The tables are designed for rough estimation of site index in the field. The formulation or the appropriate publication should be consulted for accurate site index determination. The arbitrary range of site index in the tables is 5-40 m. The tables are in a common format for consistency among species and do not necessarily represent the range of site indices found in the model development data. Site index is based on top height and a reference age of 50 years (breast height) for all species. Estimates of growth intercept and site index that are beyond the range of the ...
- Interim validation of the western hemlock growth intercept model.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0092.htm
Growth intercept models estimate site index (a measure of site productivity) from average tree height growth measured immediately above breast height. These models have been developed for four species: coastal western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) (Nigh 1996a) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) (Nigh 1996b); interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) (Nigh 1995a) and spruce (P. glauca (Moench) Voss, P. engelmannii Parry, and P. glauca x engelmannii) (Nigh 1995b). Growth intercept models are expected to be developed for all commercial species in British Columbia. It is important that these models be validated (tested). Growth intercept models are empirical; hence they strongly reflect the behaviour of the model development data. Therefore, testing them with independent data (that is, data that were not used to develop the model) is important because the model development data may be atypical (Picard and Cook 1984). If a model vali ...
- A variable growth intercept model for Sitka spruce.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0093.htm
A variable growth intercept model for Sitka spruce. ...
- Identification and simulation of the spatial pattern of juvenile lodgepole pine in the sub-boreal spruce biogeoclimatic zone, Stuart dry warm and Babine moist cold variants.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0094.htm
Identification and simulation of the spatial pattern of juvenile lodgepole pine in the sub-boreal spruce biogeoclimatic zone, Stuart dry warm and Babine moist cold variants. ...
- A variable growth intercept model for spruce in the Sub-Boreal Spruce and Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0095.htm
A variable growth intercept model for spruce in the Sub-Boreal Spruce and Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia. ...
- The Upper Penticton Creek Watershed Experiment 2002.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0096.htm
In 1982, three small watersheds, tributaries to Penticton Creek, were set aside for long-term study to improve our understanding of how forest land use affects streams, aquatic organisms, streamflow, and water quality. The Upper Penticton Creek Watershed Experiment is a collaborative effort of provincial and federal governments, universities and industry. The experiment follows a paired-watershed design in which one watershed remains the undisturbed control throughout the experiment. The watersheds of 240, 241 and Dennis Creeks are 26 kilometres north-east of Penticton, BC. Each watershed covers an area of approximately five square kilometres and an elevation range of 1600 meters to 2100 meters. The predominant forest cover types are lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce/subalpine fir. Hydrometric monitoring began in all three watersheds 10 years prior to development in 1995 and has continued through- and post- logging. Project description and preliminary findings are presented. ...
- Site index conversion equations for mixed Sitka spruce / western hemlock stands.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0099.htm
Site index conversion equations for mixed Sitka spruce / western hemlock stands. ...
- Variable growth intercept models for lodgepole pine in the Sub-Boreal Spruce biogeoclimatic zone, British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0100.htm
Variable growth intercept models for lodgepole pine in the Sub-Boreal Spruce biogeoclimatic zone, British Columbia. ...
- Site index conversion equations for mixed species stands.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0101.htm
Models are developed to predict the site index of one species in a mixed stand from the site index of a cohort. These models are applicable to site quality evaluation, growth and yield modelling, and timber management planning. A single-equation compatible site index conversion system is developed using the geometric mean regression (GMR) line for the following species mixes: coastal Douglas-fir/western hemlock; interior Douglas-fir/lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir/white spruce, Douglas-fir/western hemlock, Douglas-fir/western larch, white spruce/lodgepole pine, white spruce/subalpine fir, lodgepole pine/subalpine fir, and lodgepole pine/western larch. ...
- Effects of overtopping vegetation on light and on growth of Engelmann spruce (
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0106.htm
Effects of overtopping vegetation on light and on growth of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) seedlings. ...
- Microclimate of spruce tree leaders and the
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0197.htm
Microclimate of spruce tree leaders and the Pissodes strobi weevil. ...
- Measuring and modelling spruce leader temperatures.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0200.htm
Measuring and modelling spruce leader temperatures. ...
- Mapping the effects of climate on spruce weevil infestation hazard.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0202.htm
Mapping the effects of climate on spruce weevil infestation hazard. ...
- Effect of climate change on spruce weevil infestation hazard.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0204.htm
Effect of climate change on spruce weevil infestation hazard. ...
- A comparison of four treatments for weeding Engelmann spruce plantations in the interior cedar hemlock zone of British Columbia: ten years after treatment.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0224.htm
A comparison of four treatments for weeding Engelmann spruce plantations in the interior cedar hemlock zone of British Columbia: ten years after treatment. ...
- Effectiveness of repeated manual cutting for release of Engelmann spruce from mixed-shrub communities in the Revelstoke District.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0227.htm
Effectiveness of repeated manual cutting for release of Engelmann spruce from mixed-shrub communities in the Revelstoke District. ...
- Mackay River herbicide trial: conifer response 9 years post-treatment.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0228.htm
In 1986, glyphosate, 2,4-d amine, 2,4-d ester, and manual brushing treatments were applied to a 4-year-old fireweed/shrub community in the ESSFwk1 biogeoclimatic subzone, for the purpose of releasing Picea glauca × engelmannii (hybrid spruce) seedlings. Competing vegetation was heavily affected for at least 1 year following application of glyphosate at a rate of 2.1 kg ai/ha. Spruce seedlings were also damaged by the herbicide, resulting in a net reduction in growth rates for 1986-1987. Manual brushing and 2,4-d amine treatments reduced vegetation cover less than glyphosate, while 2,4-d ester had little effect. The trial was remeasured in 1995, 9 years post-treatment, to determine whether there were any long-lasting effects of treatment on growth and condition of planted spruce seedlings. Spruce seedlings in plots treated with glyphosate were significantly larger overall than seedlings located in the other treatments. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in spruce seedling root co ...
- Effectiveness of repeated manual cutting for release of Engelmann spruce from mixed-shrub communities in the Revelstoke District.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0234.htm
Effectiveness of repeated manual cutting for release of Engelmann spruce from mixed-shrub communities in the Revelstoke District. ...
- Effectiveness of repeated manual cutting for release of Engelmann spruce from mixed-shrub communities in the Revelstoke District.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0235.htm
Effectiveness of repeated manual cutting for release of Engelmann spruce from mixed-shrub communities in the Revelstoke District. ...
- Comparison of 4 treatment options for weeding shrub dominated spruce plantations.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0243.htm
Comparison of 4 treatment options for weeding shrub dominated spruce plantations. ...
- Effect of photon flux density on carbon assimilation and chlorophyll a fluorescence of cold-stored white spruce and lodgepole pine seedlings.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0248.htm
Effect of photon flux density on carbon assimilation and chlorophyll a fluorescence of cold-stored white spruce and lodgepole pine seedlings. ...
- Temporal variations in cold sensitivity of root growth in cold-stored white spruce seedlings.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0252.htm
Temporal variations in cold sensitivity of root growth in cold-stored white spruce seedlings. ...
- Parental environment aftereffects on germination, growth and adaptive traits in selected white spruce families.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0254.htm
Parental environment aftereffects on germination, growth and adaptive traits in selected white spruce families. ...
- Vegetation development and planted spruce growth in the SBS: 10 year results.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0312.htm
Vegetation development and planted spruce growth in the SBS: 10 year results. ...
- Effects of Thinning and Fertilizing Mixed Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Stands.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0313.htm
Effects of Thinning and Fertilizing Mixed Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Stands. ...
- Susceptibility of white spruce seedlings to overwinter injury and their post-injury field responses.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0320.htm
Susceptibility of white spruce seedlings to overwinter injury and their post-injury field responses. ...
- The Influence of Initial Espacement on the Growth of a 27-year-old Sitka Spruce Plantation.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0330.htm
The Influence of Initial Espacement on the Growth of a 27-year-old Sitka Spruce Plantation. ...
- Levels of genetic diversity at different stages of the domestication cycle of interior spruce in British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0339.htm
Levels of genetic diversity at different stages of the domestication cycle of interior spruce in British Columbia. ...
- Chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of frost hardiness in white spruce (
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0342.htm
Chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of frost hardiness in white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss) seedlings from different latitudes. ...
- Heat damage in boxed white spruce (
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0349.htm
Heat damage in boxed white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss) seedlings: Its pre-planting detection and effect on field performance. ...
- Comparison of Two Fluorometer Systems to Detect Freeze Damage on White Spruce needles.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0357.htm
Comparison of Two Fluorometer Systems to Detect Freeze Damage on White Spruce needles. ...
- The effect of elevated post-cold storage temperatures on the physiology and survival of white spruce seedlings.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0373.htm
The effect of elevated post-cold storage temperatures on the physiology and survival of white spruce seedlings. ...
- Genetic variation and C-effects in black spruce seedlings under two nutrient regimes.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0381.htm
Genetic variation and C-effects in black spruce seedlings under two nutrient regimes. ...
- The effects of elevated post-storage temperatures of the physiology and survival of white spruce seedlings.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0384.htm
The effects of elevated post-storage temperatures of the physiology and survival of white spruce seedlings. ...
- Genetic and environmental variance in cone size, seed yield and germination properties of black spruce clones.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0389.htm
Genetic and environmental variance in cone size, seed yield and germination properties of black spruce clones. ...
- Impacts of blading and burning site preparation on soil properties and site productivity in the sub-boreal spruce zone of central British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0401.htm
Impacts of blading and burning site preparation on soil properties and site productivity in the sub-boreal spruce zone of central British Columbia. ...
- Microsite effects on seedling establishment in an Engelmann spruce subalpine fir ecosystem: Interior British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0414.htm
Microsite effects on seedling establishment in an Engelmann spruce subalpine fir ecosystem: Interior British Columbia. ...
- Factors influencing root growth capacity of spruce seedlings: Case-study description.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0416.htm
Factors influencing root growth capacity of spruce seedlings: Case-study description. ...
- Impacts of prescribed burning on soil-vegetation relationships in the Sub-Boreal Spruce zone.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0454.htm
Impacts of prescribed burning on soil-vegetation relationships in the Sub-Boreal Spruce zone. ...
- Evaluation the nutrient status and fertilization response of planted spruce in the interior of British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0492.htm
Evaluation the nutrient status and fertilization response of planted spruce in the interior of British Columbia. ...
- Effects of fertilization on the nutrition and growth of a slow growing Engelmann spruce plantation in south central British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0494.htm
Effects of fertilization on the nutrition and growth of a slow growing Engelmann spruce plantation in south central British Columbia. ...
- Interior spruce, Douglas-fir, and western larch fertilizer screening trials in the British Columbia interior.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0501.htm
Interior spruce, Douglas-fir, and western larch fertilizer screening trials in the British Columbia interior. ...
- Genetics of interior spruce in British Columbia: I. Performance and variability of open-pollinated families in the East Kootenays.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0510.htm
Genetics of interior spruce in British Columbia: I. Performance and variability of open-pollinated families in the East Kootenays. ...
- Genetic parameters and parental breeding values of open-pollinated spruce families in central B.C.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0512.htm
Genetic parameters and parental breeding values of open-pollinated spruce families in central B.C. ...
- Genetic parameters and parental breeding values of open-pollinated spruce families in the East Kootenays.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0513.htm
Genetic parameters and parental breeding values of open-pollinated spruce families in the East Kootenays. ...
- Performance and variability of open- pollinated spruce families in the East Kootenays.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0517.htm
Performance and variability of open- pollinated spruce families in the East Kootenays. ...
- Mating system and effective pollen immigration in a Norway spruce (
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0523.htm
Mating system and effective pollen immigration in a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) plantation. ...
- Male fertility variation in an open-pollinated plantation of Norway spruce (
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0527.htm
Male fertility variation in an open-pollinated plantation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). ...
- Seasonal and geographic origin effects on cold hardiness of white spruce buds, foliage and stems.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0535.htm
Seasonal and geographic origin effects on cold hardiness of white spruce buds, foliage and stems. ...
- Field performance potential of interior spruce seedlings: effects of stress treatments and prediction by root growth potential and needle conductance.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0536.htm
Field performance potential of interior spruce seedlings: effects of stress treatments and prediction by root growth potential and needle conductance. ...
- Root pruning of bareroot white spruce planting stock does not affect growth or survival after six years.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0538.htm
Root pruning of bareroot white spruce planting stock does not affect growth or survival after six years. ...
- Development of physiological quality in interior spruce and lodgepole pine seedlings: Nightlenght and temperature effects.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0539.htm
Development of physiological quality in interior spruce and lodgepole pine seedlings: Nightlenght and temperature effects. ...
- Growing density and container volume affect nursery and field growth of interior spruce seedlings.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0540.htm
Growing density and container volume affect nursery and field growth of interior spruce seedlings. ...
- Frost hardiness, root growth capactiy, and field performance relationships in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0541.htm
Frost hardiness, root growth capactiy, and field performance relationships in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings. ...
- Development of height-age and site-index functions for even-aged interior Douglas-fir in British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0559.htm
Height-age and site-index curves were developed from stem analysis of 262 dominant trees in 68 plots located in even-aged Douglas-fir stands in the interior of British Columbia. Study plots were located throughout the geographic range of the species in the Interior Douglas-fir, Interior Cedar-Hemlock, and Sub-Boreal Spruce biogeoclimatic zones. Plots ranged in site index from 7.8 to 30.4 m at 50 years breast-height age, and in age from 64 to 347 years. A polymorphic conditioned logistic function was selected for predicting height as a function of breast-height age and site index; a linear model was selected for predicting site index as a function of height and breast-height age. The height-age and site-index curves were slightly different from polymorphic curves developed from stem analysis data in nearby northern Idaho and greatly different from existing anamorphic curves developed from temporary sample plot data in the interior of British Columbia. ...
- First approximation managed stand yield tables for white spruce.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0566.htm
First approximation managed stand yield tables for white spruce. ...
- Progress report on IFMSA research project: First approximation managed stand yield tables for white spruce.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0568.htm
Progress report on IFMSA research project: First approximation managed stand yield tables for white spruce. ...
- Height growth and site-index curves for lodgepole pine and white spruce and interim managed stand yield tables for lodgepole pine in British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0570.htm
Height growth and site-index curves for lodgepole pine and white spruce and interim managed stand yield tables for lodgepole pine in British Columbia. ...
- The influence of initial espacement on the growth of a 32-year-old white spruce plantation.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0608.htm
The influence of initial espacement on the growth of a 32-year-old white spruce plantation. ...
- Influence of stand edge on planted white spruce and lodgepole pine.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0614.htm
Influence of stand edge on planted white spruce and lodgepole pine. ...
- Growth of fir and spruce advance growth and logging residuals following logging in the west-central Alberta.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0623.htm
Growth of fir and spruce advance growth and logging residuals following logging in the west-central Alberta. ...
- Yields of fully stocked spruce- poplar stands in the Mixed-wood Forest Region of Alberta.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0624.htm
Yields of fully stocked spruce- poplar stands in the Mixed-wood Forest Region of Alberta. ...
- Juvenile height growth of white spruce and lodgepole pine following logging and scarification in west-central Alberta.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0625.htm
Juvenile height growth of white spruce and lodgepole pine following logging and scarification in west-central Alberta. ...
- The ingress of lodgepole pine and white spruce regeneration following logging and scarification in west-central Alberta.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0626.htm
The ingress of lodgepole pine and white spruce regeneration following logging and scarification in west-central Alberta. ...
- Prescribed fire to regenerate on clearcut spruce-fir sites in the foothills of Alberta.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0630.htm
Prescribed fire to regenerate on clearcut spruce-fir sites in the foothills of Alberta. ...
- Soil compaction on forest plantations following cattle use.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0636.htm
Grazing cattle on forest plantations in the interior of British Columbia is a common practice. Soil compaction can occur following cattle use, although this may vary with stocking rate, vegetation type and age, soil type, soil water content, and climate. Several studies have shown that increased soil compaction can have a negative impact on growth of young tree seedlings and on productivity in older plantations. These negative impacts result from restricted root development, reduced water and nutrient availability, and reduced soil aeration. This study evaluated the effects of cattle grazing and domestic forage seeding on soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance (pr) in lodgepole pine plantations in the Montane Spruce very dry cool biogeoclimatic subzone. The study was replicated on three sites near Kamloops, B.C. ...
- The effects of aerial seeding on forage stand development on Montane Spruce clearcuts.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0650.htm
The effects of aerial seeding on forage stand development on Montane Spruce clearcuts. ...
- Genetic and phenotypic relationships between weevil (
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0700.htm
Genetic and phenotypic relationships between weevil (Pissodes strobi) resistance and height growth in spruce populations of British Columbia. ...
- Resistance of white spruce to white pine weevil: Development of a resistance index.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0703.htm
Resistance of white spruce to white pine weevil: Development of a resistance index. ...
- Variation in the induced resin response of white spruce,
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0706.htm
Variation in the induced resin response of white spruce, Picea glauca, to attack by Pissodes strobi. ...
- Genetic variation in growth and wood specific gravity and its utility in the improvement of interior spruce in British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0720.htm
Genetic variation in growth and wood specific gravity and its utility in the improvement of interior spruce in British Columbia. ...
- Preliminary evaluation of genetic variation of weevil resistance in interior spruce in British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0722.htm
Preliminary evaluation of genetic variation of weevil resistance in interior spruce in British Columbia. ...
- Specific gravity and tracheid length variation of white spruce
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0727.htm
Specific gravity and tracheid length variation of white spruce Picea glauca in Alberta, Canada. ...
- Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0762.htm
Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone. ...
- Some common plants of the Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0774.htm
Some common plants of the Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone. ...
- Effects of sites, provenance, and provenance and site interaction in Sitka spruce in Coastal British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0821.htm
Effects of sites, provenance, and provenance and site interaction in Sitka spruce in Coastal British Columbia. ...
- Variation in attack by Sitka spruce weevil (
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0826.htm
Variation in attack by Sitka spruce weevil (Pissodes strobi (Peck)), within a resistant provenance of Sitka spruce. ...
- Levels of weevil damage among Sitka spruce provenances and families near Sayward, British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0829.htm
Levels of weevil damage among Sitka spruce provenances and families near Sayward, British Columbia. ...
- Provenance variation in weevil attack in Sitka spruce.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0831.htm
Provenance variation in weevil attack in Sitka spruce. ...
- Genetic resistance to the white pine weevil in Sitka spruce.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0833.htm
Genetic resistance to the white pine weevil in Sitka spruce. ...
- Selection and clonal screening of Sitka spruce trees resistant to the white pine weevil.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0834.htm
Selection and clonal screening of Sitka spruce trees resistant to the white pine weevil. ...
- Variation in resistance to the white pine weevil in natural populations of Sitka spruce.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0835.htm
Variation in resistance to the white pine weevil in natural populations of Sitka spruce. ...
- Adaptive variation in Douglas-fir, Sitka spruce and true fir: a summary of provenance research in coastal British Columbia (abstract).
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0837.htm
Adaptive variation in Douglas-fir, Sitka spruce and true fir: a summary of provenance research in coastal British Columbia (abstract). ...
- Desiccation of white spruce in the southern boreal forest of British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0900.htm
Desiccation of white spruce in the southern boreal forest of British Columbia. ...
- Desiccation of white spruce in the southern boreal forest of British Columbia, reprinted with permission in: Boreal Forest and Global Change.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0917.htm
Desiccation of white spruce in the southern boreal forest of British Columbia, reprinted with permission in: Boreal Forest and Global Change. ...
- Age structure and growth of the tree-seedling bank in subalpine spruce-fir forests of south-central British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1003.htm
Age structure and growth of the tree-seedling bank in subalpine spruce-fir forests of south-central British Columbia. ...
- Effectiveness of Repeated Manual Cutting and Glyphosate for Release of Engelmann Spruce from Mixed-Shrub Herb Vegetation
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1006.htm
Effectiveness of Repeated Manual Cutting and Glyphosate for Release of Engelmann Spruce from Mixed-Shrub Herb Vegetation ...
- Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on needle anatomy and morphology of western larch, interior spruce, and lodgepole pine.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1043.htm
Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on needle anatomy and morphology of western larch, interior spruce, and lodgepole pine. ...
- Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on some British Columbia conifers 1) Engelmann spruce from five elevations.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1057.htm
Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on some British Columbia conifers 1) Engelmann spruce from five elevations. ...
- Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on some British Columbia conifers 2) Sitka spruce and coastal Douglas-fir from three elevations.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1062.htm
Ultraviolet-B radiation effects on some British Columbia conifers 2) Sitka spruce and coastal Douglas-fir from three elevations. ...
- Seed orchard after-effects: Morphological and physiological traits of interior spruce progeny from two breeding environments.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1065.htm
Seed orchard after-effects: Morphological and physiological traits of interior spruce progeny from two breeding environments. ...
- Variable chlorophyll fluorescence as a fast screen for frost hardiness and frost damage in white spruce seedlings.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1066.htm
Variable chlorophyll fluorescence as a fast screen for frost hardiness and frost damage in white spruce seedlings. ...
- Acidic mist and nitrogen fertilization effects on growth, nitrate reductase activity, gas exchange, and frost hardiness of red spruce seedlings.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1068.htm
Acidic mist and nitrogen fertilization effects on growth, nitrate reductase activity, gas exchange, and frost hardiness of red spruce seedlings. ...
- Nitric acid mist and nitrogen fertilization affect the response of red spruce seedlings to water stress.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1070.htm
Nitric acid mist and nitrogen fertilization affect the response of red spruce seedlings to water stress. ...
- Preliminary assessment of selected communities of soil organisms under different conifer species.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1086.htm
This study used the second-growth plantations of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, Sitka spruce, and western redcedar of the Ministry of Forests Experimental Project 571 (species-espacement trial established in 1965-1966 on southern Vancouver Island) to take a preliminary look at the effects of different conifer species on collembolan, oribatid mite, and macrofungal species. For all three groups of soil organisms, overall frequency or abundance and diversity were noticeably less under western redcedar compared with the other conifer species. Using similarity indices, we found that the macrofungus communities (species and abundance) differed under the various conifers. The community of forest floor oribatid mites under Douglas-fir was distinct, but we could not detect differences between the other conifer species. We could not detect differences in forest floor collembolan communities between any of the conifers. ...
- Structure and dynamics of a nearly steady-state subalpine forest in south-central British Columbia, Canada.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1132.htm
We examined the size, age, and spatial structure of trees in an old Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii)-subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) forest based on four stem-mapped, 0.25 ha plots. Dendrochronological techniques were used on basal discs of 1,190 trees to reconstruct age and growth pattern, including dates of rapid growth increases. There were no obvious age cohorts or other evidence of past major disturbance. The abundance of both subalpine fir and spruce decreased rapidly with age, especially beyond the ages of 150 years. Very old trees were present, but rare. The best evidence from tree-ring width patterns for past disturbance was a period of release 100 years ago. However, few of the released trees grew into the canopy, which suggests a disturbance of low intensity. Patch dynamics and gap processes were not pronounced in the stand. Clumping was generally weak and only present at small spatial scales ( ...
- Juvenile height development in interior spruce stands of British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1139.htm
Juvenile height development in interior spruce stands of British Columbia. ...
- Age structure and growth of the tree-seedling bank in subalpine spruce-fir forests of south-central British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1143.htm
Age structure and growth of the tree-seedling bank in subalpine spruce-fir forests of south-central British Columbia. ...
- Effects of Sitka alder retention and removal on the growth of young lodgepole pine in the central interior of British Columbia (EP 1185): Establishment report.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1168.htm
A long-term field experiment was established in 1995 in the Stuart Dry Warm Sub-Boreal Spruce (sbsdw3) biogeoclimatic variant in the Vanderhoof Forest District to study the interactions between Sitka alder (Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.&D. Löve) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) in a 1987 cutblock. The main objective of the study was to determine the eVects of diVering levels of Sitka alder retention (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 clumps per hectare) on lodgepole growth after the pine stands were thinned to a uniform density of 1000 stems per hectare. Ancillary studies were planned to measure: (1) the nitrogen fixation rate of Sitka alder, using 15N isotope dilution, (2) the long-term changes in soil nutrient pools, and (3) the decomposition rates and nutrient concentration changes in Sitka alder and lodgepole pine litter. This establishment report details the methods used and documents the initial soil and stand condition at the time of installation of the expe ...
- Soil Fauna in the Sub-Boreal Spruce (SBS) Installations of the Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) Study of Central British Columbia: One-Year Results for Soil Mesofauna and Macrofauna.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1186.htm
Soil Fauna in the Sub-Boreal Spruce (SBS) Installations of the Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) Study of Central British Columbia: One-Year Results for Soil Mesofauna and Macrofauna. ...
- Dynamics of an old-growth, fire-initiated, subalpine forest in southern interior British Columbia: tree-ring reconstruction of 2 year cycle spruce budworm outbreaks.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1201.htm
Dynamics of an old-growth, fire-initiated, subalpine forest in southern interior British Columbia: tree-ring reconstruction of 2 year cycle spruce budworm outbreaks. ...
- Seral Stages across Forested Landscapes: Relationships to Biodiversity
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1215.htm
Various plants and animals rely on different forest ecosystem "stages" to meet their habitat needs. Grizzly bears, for example, can range over hundreds of square kilometres in search of the food resources available in open and young forests before hibernating deep in mature forests. Some plant species can only develop on open, treeless, freshly disturbed sites, while certain canopy-dwelling insects spend their entire lifetime on the broad lichen- and moss-covered limbs of a single ancient spruce. During spring and summer, deer may sample tender herbs in clearcut areas, but, in severe winters, retreat several kilometres to protective old-growth stands. Landscapes and the ecosystems that compose them "age" through time. The process of forest aging called "succession" transforms the composition of forested ecosystems as biotic communities respond to and modify their environment. Succession is an important topic in landscape ecology because of its significant effects on landscape diversity and the subseque ...
- Revised Growth Intercept Models for Coastal Western Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and Interior Spruce
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1217.htm
Revised Growth Intercept Models for Coastal Western Hemlock, Sitka Spruce, and Interior Spruce ...
- Growth Intercept Models for Western Larch
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1218.htm
Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) commonly grows in mixed stands, and is a relatively important tree species in the Nelson Forest Region. Researchers at the University of British Columbia undertook a larch productivity study, which included collecting data from 114 stem analysis plots. Of these, 99 plots were suitable for developing growth intercept models. The data were analyzed using a standard technique. The resulting set of 50 equations estimates site index for larch stands from breast height age 1 to 50. The models have accuracy comparable with those of interior spruce but are not as accurate as those for lodgepole pine. ...
- Site Index Conversion Equations for Mixed Black Spruce - Lodgepole Pine Stands
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1219.htm
Site Index Conversion Equations for Mixed Black Spruce - Lodgepole Pine Stands ...
- Growth Intercept Models for Black Spruce
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1222.htm
Growth Intercept Models for Black Spruce ...
- Effects of Thinning and Fertilizing Mixed Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Stands.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1225.htm
Effects of Thinning and Fertilizing Mixed Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Stands. ...
- Thinning Lodgepole Pine in Southeastern British Columbia: 46-year Results.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1235.htm
The effects of thinning 53-year-old, fire-origin lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) are reported 46 years after treatment. Five thinning treatments plus unthinned controls were established in plots in the Montane Spruce biogeoclimatic zone in southeastern British Columbia. Although tree-size responses were substantial in relative terms, the absolute responses to thinning were small. On an area basis, the response to thinning can be substantial, particularly when the net periodic annual increment of the thinned plots is compared to that of the unthinned controls. During the 46-year observation period, the plots were attacked by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), and the results of the study tend to support the theory that heavy thinning may help to beetle-proof lodgepole pine stands. ...
- Somatic embryogenesis and tree improvement in interior spruce.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1267.htm
Somatic embryogenesis and tree improvement in interior spruce. ...
- Production of genetically improved stecklings of interior spruce: A grower's manual.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1273.htm
Production of genetically improved stecklings of interior spruce: A grower's manual. ...
- Effects of fertilization on resin canal defenses and incidence of
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1285.htm
Effects of fertilization on resin canal defenses and incidence of Pissodes strobi attack in interior spruce. ...
- Development of variable retention (VRAF) for coastal Douglas-fir, western hemlock, lodgepole pine, and white spruce.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1298.htm
Development of variable retention (VRAF) for coastal Douglas-fir, western hemlock, lodgepole pine, and white spruce. ...
- Genotype-by-environment interaction and its implications for genetic improvement of interior spruce in British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1320.htm
Genotype-by-environment interaction and its implications for genetic improvement of interior spruce in British Columbia. ...
- Genetic parameters of height and diameter of interior spruce in British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1322.htm
Genetic parameters of height and diameter of interior spruce in British Columbia. ...
- Site index conversion equations for mixed trembling aspen and white spruce stands in northern British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1326.htm
Site index conversion equations for mixed trembling aspen and white spruce stands in northern British Columbia. ...
- Height growth of black spruce in British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1327.htm
Height growth of black spruce in British Columbia. ...
- Growth intercept and site series-based estimates of site index for white spruce in the Boreal White and Black Spruce biogeoclimatic zone.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1335.htm
Growth intercept and site series-based estimates of site index for white spruce in the Boreal White and Black Spruce biogeoclimatic zone. ...
- Effects of intensive fertilization on the foliar nutrition and growth of young lodgepole pine and spruce forests in the interior of British Columbia (EP 886.13): establishment and progress report.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1339.htm
Effects of intensive fertilization on the foliar nutrition and growth of young lodgepole pine and spruce forests in the interior of British Columbia (EP 886.13): establishment and progress report. ...
- Coarse woody debris: inventory, decay modelling, and management implications in three biogeoclimatic zones.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1342.htm
To assess recent management practices, post-harvest levels of coarse woody debris (CWD) were measured in the Southern Interior and Northern Interior forest regions of British Columbia. A simple input and decay model was used to estimate the volumes of CWD that might be present at the end of managed forest rotations. In four ecosystems (Sub-Boreal Spruce [SBS] mk1 variant, Interior Douglas-fir [IDF] dm2 variant, Interior Cedar–Hemlock [ICH] dw variant, and ICHvk2/wk3 variants) that were sampled a few years after harvest, between 58 and 80% of the CWD volume came from pieces less than 6 m in length. Modelling of CWD decay and net new CWD input from the developing stand indicated that by rotation end (after 90 years), CWD volumes would have decreased to about 15% (SBSmk1) and 1% (IDFdm2) of the CWD volumes found in mature unmanaged stands. In the ecosystems studied, this research suggests that specific management guidance for deadwood will be required to maintain CWD (outside of reserves) in managed stands. V ...
- Interactions between fertilization and white pine weevil (
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1363.htm
Interactions between fertilization and white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) attack in young interior spruce plantations. ...
- Within and among family variation of orchard and wild-stand progeny of interior spruce in British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1371.htm
Within and among family variation of orchard and wild-stand progeny of interior spruce in British Columbia. ...
- Calibrating PrognosisBC in the Sub-Boreal Spruce and the Sub-Boreal Pine-Spruce Biogeoclimatic Zones: Development of Growth and Mortality Models for Major Tree Species.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1374.htm
Calibrating PrognosisBC in the Sub-Boreal Spruce and the Sub-Boreal Pine-Spruce Biogeoclimatic Zones: Development of Growth and Mortality Models for Major Tree Species. ...
- Soil and lodgepole pine foliar responses to two fertilizer sulphur forms in the Sub-Boreal Spruce zone, central interior British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1383.htm
Soil and lodgepole pine foliar responses to two fertilizer sulphur forms in the Sub-Boreal Spruce zone, central interior British Columbia. ...
- Succession after Slashburning in an Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir Subzone Variant: West Twin Site.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1384.htm
Succession after Slashburning in an Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir Subzone Variant: West Twin Site. ...
- Vegetation Development and Fire Effects at the Walker Creek Site: Comparison of Forest Floor and Mineral Soil Plots.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1385.htm
mpling plots for 10 years. Mode of establishment of species was determined where possible. The equation devised by Lawson, Dalrymple, and Hawkes in 1997 for pine/spruce-feathermoss sites in the Yukon approximated the DMC and DML relationship found on this site. The DML was accurately predicted by the CFFWIS. Actual duff consumption and mineral soil exposure were significantly lower than predicted and woody fuel consumption was greater than predicted. These discrepancies reflect the limitations of the Prescribed Fire Predictor on this site under the conditions in which the burn was done. There were 32 vascular plant species on the forest floor plots prior to burning. By the tenth year after burning, there were 74 species. There were 13 vascular plant species in the mineral soil plots before burning and 52 by year 10. Many herb and shrub species established on the mineral soil plots in the first year after burning. Most of the species that were present on the site as a whole before burning surviv ...
- Seed source selection and deployment to address adaptation to future climates for interior spruce in western Canada.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1403.htm
Seed source selection and deployment to address adaptation to future climates for interior spruce in western Canada. ...
- Geographic variation in resin canal defenses in seedlings from the Sitka spruce x white spruce introgression zone.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1405.htm
Geographic variation in resin canal defenses in seedlings from the Sitka spruce x white spruce introgression zone. ...
- Estimating gains from genetic tests of somatic emblings of interior spruce.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1408.htm
Estimating gains from genetic tests of somatic emblings of interior spruce. ...
- Fire Effects and Post-burn Vegetation Development in the Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone: Mackenzie (Windy Point) Site
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1410.htm
Fire Effects and Post-burn Vegetation Development in the Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone: Mackenzie (Windy Point) Site ...
- Assessing the effects of fertilization on understorey vegetation in young lodgepole pine and spruce forests in central British Columbia.
http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1428.htm
Assessing the effects of fertilization on understorey vegetation in young lodgepole pine and spruce forests in central British Columbia. ...
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