Keyword: planting

• Site-specific relationships of root growth potential to outplanting performance of coastal Douglas-fir (
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0010.htm
  Root growth potential (RGP) of a range of Coastal Douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) stocktypes and lift dates was examined as a predictor of site-specific outplanting performance under farm-field conditions of three experimentally controlled irrigation regimes. RGP test results were highly variable. The irrigation regimes resulted in site-specific mortality, growth, and form. RGP was weakly related to mortality and growth, but only for the very driest irrigation regime. For predicting survival or growth of Coastal Douglas-fir under different experimental field moisture regimes, the RGP test is of little use. These results raise questions about the use operational utility of RGP where handling, planting, and climate may further confound the relationship between RGP and plantation survival and performance. ...

• Survival and growth of four Douglas-fir stock types 21 years after planting.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0017.htm
  Survival and growth of four Douglas-fir stock types 21 years after planting. ...

• Impact of planting density and juvenile spacing on the yield of Douglas-fir.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0055.htm
  Impact of planting density and juvenile spacing on the yield of Douglas-fir. ...

• Conifer tolerance to Vision herbicide application in the year of planting.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0120.htm
  Conifer tolerance to Vision herbicide application in the year of planting. ...

• Conifer tolerance to Vision herbicide application in the year of planting.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0138.htm
  Conifer tolerance to Vision herbicide application in the year of planting. ...

• Effects of red alder on stand dynamics and nitrogen availability (FRBC Project HQ96400-RE MOF EP1121.01).
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0161.htm
  This extension note provides a summary of results obtained to date from studies initiated in 1992 to document and demonstrate the effects of different amounts and spatial arrangements of red alder on forest productivity, stand dynamics, and nitrogen availability in broadleaf-conifer mixedwood stands in coastal British Columbia. Replacement series experiments have been planted at two locations in B.C. to evaluate the effects of various proportions of red alder when grown in mixture with Douglas-fir. Mixedwood plantations have also been established at three locations following an additive design. In the additive design, Douglas-fir and western redcedar were planted at a density of 1100 tph (with the two species planted in equal proportions at alternating planting spots), and one of eight "broadleaf" density treatments was subsequently applied to randomly selected plots. These treatments included: 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 red alder per hectare, 50 bigleaf maple per hectare, 200 Sitka alder per hectare, and a d ...

• Field studies of seed biology.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0184.htm
  Except in limited areas where there is enough advance regeneration, establishment of forest cover on harvested lands continues to depend on seedling planting programs or on natural regeneration by seeds. Whereas successful plantation programs depend primarily on plant competition and site variables at the time of planting, successful natural regeneration depends not only on the availability of seeds, but on favourable environmental conditions throughout the processes of seed production, dispersal, germination, and seedling establishment. Site preparation and other silvicultural treatments can improve the suitability of the seedbed and its micro-environment, but there is still much we do not understand about how various factors contribute to successful forest establishment. We have gained some insights, under controlled conditions, about the influence of major factors such as light and temperature, but we have limited experience with biological responses under actual conditions in the field. Anyone ...

• A comparison of mulch mat and herbicide treatments for reducing grass competition in the IDFww.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0220.htm
  85). However, conifers are also very sensitive to herbicide application during the active growing period. Consequently, growing-season treatments must be applied either before conifer seedlings are planted (pre-plant application), before conifer growth begins, or the planted seedlings must be protected during application. Research has suggested that the use of mulch mats can reduce grass and herbaceous competition for water and improve the initial survival and growth of conifer seedlings. Mulch mats are best applied during the spring, soon after planting, to avoid installation on top of the developing vegetation. The ideal silvicultural mulch mat should be opaque, dark, porous to permit water infiltration, able to retard evaporative water loss, supportive of favorable soil temperatures, sufficiently strong and durable to last until seedlings are established, low in cost and lightweight, non-toxic, and of a colour that blends into the landscape (McDonald and Helgerson 1990). During 1993, a research ...

• Growth reduction and root deformation of containerized lodgepole pine saplings 11 years after planting.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0249.htm
  Growth reduction and root deformation of containerized lodgepole pine saplings 11 years after planting. ...

• The Influence of Initial Espacement on the Growth of a 27-year-old Sitka Spruce Plantation.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0330.htm
  Individual tree and stand characteristics were determined in a 27-year-old plantation of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) near Terrace, B.C. Planting densities ranged from 478 to 2990 stems per hectare. Three stand components were examined: all stems per hectare, the largest 25% diameter at breast height outside bark (dbhob) stems per hectare, and the largest 250 dbhob stems per hectare. Wider espacements produced trees with larger diameters, crowns, and branches after 27 years. Total volume per hectare was greatest in the closest espacement when all trees were considered, although this relationship reversed when only the largest 250 stems per hectare were examined. The results of this experiment suggest there is considerable flexibility in choosing an optimum stocking level, and a range of 800 to 1400 stems per hectare is recommended. ...

• Heat damage in boxed white spruce (
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0349.htm
  Heat damage in boxed white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss) seedlings: Its pre-planting detection and effect on field performance. ...

• Root pruning of bareroot white spruce planting stock does not affect growth or survival after six years.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0538.htm
  Root pruning of bareroot white spruce planting stock does not affect growth or survival after six years. ...

• The influence of initial espacement on the growth of a 32-year-old white spruce plantation.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0608.htm
  This 32-year-old experimental plantation, near Houston, B.C., is the oldest known espacement (or planting density) study of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) in western Canada. Individual tree and stand characteristics were periodically measured in permanent sample plots for espacements ranging from 420 to 6727 stems per hectare. Pronounced growth differences among espacements were noted after 32 years. Wider espacements produced trees with larger diameters, crowns and branches. Basal area per hectare and total volume per hectare were greatest in the closest espacement. Mean annual increment was estimated at 3.90-4.75 m3/ha per year using the unadjusted Ministry of Forests' yield model for natural stands. TIPSY 2.0 Beta, the Ministry's managed stand yield model, forecast merchantable volume yields of 4.9-6.7 m3/ha per year, depending on espacement. Mean annual increment and rotation age estimates were compared to those in other white spruce studies. Of the four densities tested, ...

• Conifer tolerance to Vision herbicide application in the year of planting.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0731.htm
  Conifer tolerance to Vision herbicide application in the year of planting. ...

• Genetic resistance to the white pine weevil in Sitka spruce.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0833.htm
  Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) accounts for only about 2% of the total coastal reforestation in British Columbia, despite its stumpage price which is the second highest in the province and about twice as high as the average of other species (B.C. Ministry of Forests 1990). Destructive damage caused by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) to plantation Sitka spruce is the major deterrent to reforestation with this species in coastal British Columbia (MacSiurtain 1981; Alfaro 1982, 1989). Planting is now limited to low weevil hazard areas on the Queen Charlotte Islands, North Vancouver Island, and the outer coast of the mid- and north mainland (Heppner and Wood 1984). None of the control techniques, including shading, clipping, insecticides, or biological control, has proved to be sufficiently effective and practical (Cozens 1983). There is increased interest in genetic control, alone and in combination with other control methods, since the discovery of apparent provenance differences in to ...

• Variable chlorophyll fluorescence as a fast screen for frost hardiness and frost damage in white spruce seedlings.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1066.htm
  Making the Grade: An International Symposium on Planting Stock Performance and Quality Assessment, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. pp. 69. ...

• Effects of Sites and Provenances on 6th-year Performance of Noble Fir in Coastal British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1227.htm
  A range-wide sample of 23 noble fir provenances was tested over 12 locations in the coastal region of British Columbia. Site means of 6th-year height varied from 37 to 119 cm, 3rd-year leader elongation from 3 to 25 cm, 1st-year survival from 26 to 97%, and 6th-year survival from 81 to 91 % (trees which died during the first winter were replanted the second year). Generally, the more maritime the site, the more vigorously noble fir grew. Provenance variation was large, but showed no discernible pattern of geographic variation. Noble fir ecologically and genetically adapted to a maritime climate; it is susceptible to frost at sites with continental influence. The species grows well at sites in the warmer variants of the Dry and Moist Maritime Coastal Western Hemlock subzones, and the wetter variant of the moist Mountain Hemlock subzone. Sites on warm aspects particularly encourage growth. Planting of noble fir at present should be limited to sites within the spiritual biogeoclimatic units. Provenanc ...

• Gas exchange, water relations and morphology of yellow-cedar seedlings and stecklings before planting and after establishment.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1259.htm
  Gas exchange, water relations and morphology of yellow-cedar seedlings and stecklings before planting and after establishment. ...

• Yellow-cedar stecklings: Nursery production and field performance.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1274.htm
  Stecklings, or plantable rooted cuttings, are the primary propagule type used for artificial regeneration of yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach.) in British Columbia. An increase in logging of this species resulted in a greater demand for planting stock which, due to infrequent cone crops, and seed which usually has poor germination success, cannot be met by seedling production. From 1975 to 1986, over 50% of all yellow-cedar stock planted in British Columbia were stecklings. This report synthesizes 15 years worth of research results and operational experiences concerning nursery production and field performance of yellow-cedar stecklings. ...

• Effects of inbreeding on coastal Douglas fir growth and yield in operational plantations: a model-based approach.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1279.htm
  and self-pollination. Results indicate that inclusion of a small proportion of related clones in seed orchards will have relatively low impacts on stand yields due to low probability of related individuals mating, lower probability of producing acceptable seedlings from related matings than from unrelated matings, and a greater probability of competition-induced mortality for slower growing inbred individuals than for outcrossed trees. Thus, competition reduces the losses expected due to inbreeding depression at harvest, particularly on better sites with higher planting densities and longer rotations. Slightly higher breeding values for related clones than unrelated clones would offset or exceed the effects of inbreeding resulting from related matings. Concerns regarding the maintenance of genetic diversity are more likely to limit inclusion of related clones in orchards than inbreeding depression for final stand yield. ...