Keyword: ecological

• The Development of an ecological classification data management and analysis system for British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0006.htm
  The Development of an ecological classification data management and analysis system for British Columbia. ...

• Ecology and management of B.C. hardwoods.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0163.htm
  British Columbia has six major hardwood species: trembling aspen, paper birch, balsam poplar, black cottonwood, red alder, and bigleaf maple. Interest in utilization and management of British Columbia's broadleaved tree species (hardwoods) has grown substantially over the past decade. In B.C. broadleaved forests represent approximately 11% of the productive forest land base. Mixedwood forests, comprised of mixtures of conifers and broadleaves, represent approximately 35% of B.C.'s productive forest land base. In northeastern B.C. trembling aspen is being harvested for production of oriented stand board and pulp. In southwestern B.C. red alder is being harvested for sawlumber, with waste chips being used for pulp. As markets develop for B.C. hardwood products interest in the management of hardwoods is expected to grow. In addition, broadleaves serve important ecological roles and contribute to biodiversity and to the productivity and sustainability of our forests. ...

• Field studies of seed biology.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0184.htm
  ulture literature are generally not applicable, and traditional ecological studies (e.g., of seed banks) tend to be primarily descriptive with little emphasis on experimental approaches. The primary objective of this manual is to detail methods that have been gleaned from the literature and from personal experience of the authors. It is a manual of methods with some general guidelines and interpretation. Relevant background papers are cited where appropriate, but it is not a literature review. The manual is intended for use by researchers in public and private forest resource management agencies, universities, and colleges. Although specifically directed to tree seed research in forested ecosystems, many of the methods described can be used to study seeds of graminoid, herb, and shrub species in both forest and non-forest plant communities. The extensive background information included in the text also provides valuable reference material for many who have an interest in tree seeds, but who are not dir ...

• A provincial correlation of regional forest vegetation potential and brush hazard interpretations.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0308.htm
  A database has been compiled from regional site identification and interpretation field guides to summarize vegetation management interpretations for the ecosystems of British Columbia. This project summarized existing vegetation potential, brush hazard, and vegetation complex interpretations to evaluate similarities and differences of interpretations applied to similar ecosystems in different forest regions. Three sorts of the database are given and the results summarized by (1) site association, (2) biogeoclimatic ecological classification (BEC) variant and site series (BEC units), and (3) vegetation potential / brush hazard. Regional field guide vegetation potential descriptions were compared and found to be similar in nature but dissimilar in content. The range and frequency of vegetation potential are given for approximately 72% of the BEC units within British Columbia. Most of the extreme to high vegetation potential entries occurred in the CWH, ESSF, ICH, and SBS zones. The CWH zone was the most ...

• An ecological framework for resource management in British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0318.htm
  An ecological framework for resource management in British Columbia. ...

• The lichens of British Columbia. Illustrated keys. Part 1 - Foliose and squamulose species.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0754.htm
  ication; (2) to be reluctant to handle unnecessary technical jargon; and (3) to be unfamiliar with basic lichen taxonomy. Based on these assumptions, the keys in this manual: emphasize morphological characters over chemical and spore characters; incorporate technical terms only where necessary; and give more or less equal weight to phylogenetic relatedness and morphological similarity. Accompanying the keys are approximately 350 line drawings. These are intended to convey species concepts based on typical material. In most cases, they illustrate only those portions of a thallus that bear the characters expressed in the adjacent key. Illustrations of whole lichens may be found in Hale (1979), MacKinnon et al. (1992), Pojar and MacKinnon (1994), Thomson (1984) and Vitt et al. (1988). The manual's second objective is to briefly summarize the ecology, distribution and frequency status of the province's foliose and squamulose lichens. Until the status and ecological requirements of li ...

• Fire in the dry interior forests of British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0839.htm
  In Conference proceedings: Helping the land heal conference - ecological restoration in British Columbia. November 5 - 8, 1998, Victoria, B.C. (compiler and editor) Brian Egan. BC Environmental Network Education Foundation, Vancouver, B.C. pp. 220 - 223. ...

• Fire history and effects on vegetation in three biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0847.htm
  In Fire and the environment: ecological and cultural perspectives. Proceedings of an international symposium, 20-24 Mar. 1990, Knoxville, Tennessee. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-69. Asheville, N.C. pp. 263-272. ...

• Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones of the northern portion of the Mackenzie Timber Supply Area: summary report.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0859.htm
  Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones of the northern portion of the Mackenzie Timber Supply Area: summary report. ...

• Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones of the northern portion of the Mackenzie Timber Supply Area.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0860.htm
  Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones of the northern portion of the Mackenzie Timber Supply Area. ...

• Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones of the Cassiar Timber Supply Area: summary report.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0862.htm
  Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones of the Cassiar Timber Supply Area: summary report. ...

• Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones of the Cassiar Timber Supply Area.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0863.htm
  Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones of the Cassiar Timber Supply Area. ...

• Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones and subzones of the Fort Nelson Timber Supply Area: summary report.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0864.htm
  Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones and subzones of the Fort Nelson Timber Supply Area: summary report. ...

• Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones and subzones of the Fort Nelson Timber Supply Area.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/0865.htm
  Fire-ecological relationships for the biogeoclimatic zones and subzones of the Fort Nelson Timber Supply Area. ...

• Ecological description and classification of some Pine Mushroom (Tricholoma magnivelare) habitat in British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1087.htm
  The purpose of this study is to describe the ecological characteristics and forest site classification of pine mushroom habitat in British Columbia. Soil, vegetation, and forest descriptions were made across six areas of the province known to support commercial crops of pine mushrooms: the Nass and Shumal river valleys near New Aiyansh, the Chilcotin Plateau, the Bella Coola Valley, the Columbia River Valley (Upper Arrow Lake) near Nakusp, the Lillooet River Valley near Pemberton, and the Nahatlatch Valley near Boston Bar. Forest subzone, elevation, slope, aspect, and landform all varied between study sites. However, soil moisture and nutrient regimes fell within a relatively narrow range. Soil moisture was in almost all cases drier than average for the subzone (subxeric–submesic: 2–3), and soil nutrient regimes fell almost exclusively within the range of poor to medium (B–C). Soils tended to be well or rapidly drained, with an Ae horizon, coarse soil texture (sand to loamy sand), and often a high coarse f ...

• Western redcedar site index models for the interior of British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1140.htm
  Models are developed to predict top height, site index, and years to breast height for western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn) on interior sites. Stem analysis and ecological data were collected from 46 plots in the Interior Cedar-Hemlock and Interior Douglas-fir biogeoclimatic zones. Four site trees were stem analyzed from each 0.04-ha plot. These data were converted into top height–breast height age, growth intercept, years to breast height, and site index data. A site index, growth intercept, and years to breast height model were then fit to the data. When faced with a choice of models, a graph of the models' relative accuracy assists in selecting the appropriate model. ...

• The ecology of wetlands.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1144.htm
  This extension note describes the basic ecological features of wetland ecosystems. It is a foundational document that provides important concepts and background information to be applied in future extension notes on wetland management. Major topics and concepts covered in this document are: definition of a wetland ecosystem and comparison of characteristics with other related ecosystems, recognition of the different applications of the term "wetland ecosystem" at site and landscape scales, major environmental factors and their effects on wetland ecosystems, classification of wetland ecosystems, successional patterns in wet-land ecosystems, natural disturbance regimes of wetlands, role of reserves in protecting wetland ecosystems, regional variation in wetland abundance and characteristics, and some important management issues for wetland ecosystems in British Columbia. ...

• Analysis of livestock use of riparian areas: literature review and research needs assessment for British Columbia.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1148.htm
  Riparian areas are diverse, productive, and important to the overall ecological framework of British Columbia. There is heightened awareness of the potential effects of resource management activities in riparian areas. This concern is encapsulated in riparian regulations and guidelines of the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act. Information regarding livestock use of riparian areas was compiled and reviewed as a .first step in developing research to address the information needs of riparian area management in British Columbia. Literature on the effects and interactions of livestock grazing in riparian areas throughout North America was reviewed. Six general conclusions were drawn from the synthesis and review of the literature: Most of the available information on livestock–riparian interactions is primarily applicable to arid ecosystems (equivalent to, or drier than, the Bunchgrass biogeoclimatic zone), Most of the available information on livestock–riparian interactions is applicab ...

• Riparian Areas: Providing Landscape Habitat Diversity
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1214.htm
  perspective and longer timeframes are necessary when planning land-use activities in riparian zones. The Forest Practices Code acknowledges the importance of landscape ecology concepts by enabling district managers to designate planning areas called landscape units, each with specific landscape unit objectives. The Biodiversity Guidebook (B.C. Ministry of Forests and B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks 1995a), a component of the Code, recommends procedures to maintain biodiversity at both the landscape and the stand level. These procedures, which use principles of ecosystem management tempered by social considerations, recognize that the ecological processes of riparian habitats must be sustained to maintain landscape-level biodiversity. This extension note is the fifth in a series designed to raise awareness of landscape ecology concepts and to provide background for the ecologically based forest management approach recommended in the Biodiversity Guidebook. The focus here is on riparia ...

• A Survey of the Protected Status of Conifers in British Columbia: In Situ Gene Conservation
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1224.htm
  Important forest tree genetic resources require a management strategy where in situ (in the natural location) and ex situ (out of the natural location) conservation techniques may be employed. This survey documents the protected status of 23 conifer tree species in current in situ land reserves in British Columbia. It also outlines the rationale and approach for determining the protection level that may be needed for in situ gene conservation. In general, the 23 native conifers are well represented in current provincial and national parks, and ecological reserves. However, for a few species information is very limited. For example, some problems are present with undifferentiated inventory data. Information is typically scanty on the estimated number of stems in each reserve but the estimates are often in excess of requirements for genetic sampling. This survey will need to be updated and modified as additional protected areas are established in the province and inventory data for these protected ar ...

• Growth and Development Following Partial Cutting of a Complex Stand in the Interior Cedar-Hemlock Zone of British Columbia: 40-Year Results.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1226.htm
  The effects of partial cutting in an immature, complex stand in the Interior Cedar - Hemlock zone are analyzed 40 years after treatment. Three partial cutting treatments - improvement cut, diameter-limit cut, and salvage cut — were carried out in southern British Columbia. The results are presented for individual trees and the entire stand. Partial cutting had little effect on gross increment but a large effect on net increment over the 40-year period. The study demonstrates that partial cutting can be used to recover anticipated mortality. Partial cutting did not appear to increase the incidence of root rot, nor did it alter the pattern of ecological succession in the stand. ...

• Carnation Creek and Queen Charlotte Islands Fish/Forestry Workshop: Applying 20 Years of Coast Research to Management Solutions.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1230.htm
  Two major studies of fish/forestry interactions have been conducted in coastal British Columbia over the last 25 years. The Carnation Creek Experimental Watershed Program, located on the west coast of Vancouver Island, began in 1970 and is currently the longest-running investigation of the effects of forestry practices on a coastal stream ecosystem in North America. The second initiative, the Fish/Forestry Interaction Program (FFIP) on the Queen Charlotte Islands, began in 1981. About 30 watersheds were included within this program which focused on the effects of landslides on channel morphology and fish habitat, as well as on watershed rehabilitation techniques and silvicultural treatments. Both studies were conducted in similar environments, but each used a different experimental design. The case-study and synoptic approaches have together provided an opportunity to understand ecological responses both over very long time periods and for diverse geographic conditions and logging histories. The purpose of ...

• Understory succession following ecosystem restoration of ingrown dry forests.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1343.htm
  Poster presentation at the 16th Annual Conference of the Society for Ecological Restoration, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. August 24-26, 2004. 4 p. ...

• Review of Global Climate Change and Human Impacts on Forest Ecosystems, J. Puhe and B. Ulrich, Ecological Studies, Vol. 143, Springer, Berlin, 2001.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1347.htm
  Review of Global Climate Change and Human Impacts on Forest Ecosystems, J. Puhe and B. Ulrich, Ecological Studies, Vol. 143, Springer, Berlin, 2001. ...

• Seed source selection and deployment to address adaptation to future climates for interior spruce in western Canada.
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1403.htm
  n advances in climate modelling, geographic information systems and ecological modelling to provide tools that will help maintain the health and productivity of Canada’s forests in a changing climate. ...

• Garry Oak (
  http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/pubs/pubs/1425.htm
  This poster was displayed at a Garry Oak symposium and used to advise ecologists of a 2007 field guide (Technical Report 040) titled "Garry Oak (Quercus garryana) Plant Communities in British Columbia: A Guide to Identification". Technical Report 040 covers the native plant communities with a component of Garry oak (Quercus garryana) in British Columbia. The purpose of the guide is to standardize the use of plant communities in conservation and recovery of the Garry oak habitat, and thus to move toward an ecosystem approach. Standardized communities can provide a basis for mapping and inventory. The guide is also intended to provide targets for Garry oak habitat restoration, and could help identify reference communities, which are then monitored to detect long-term ecological trends. ...