| DESCRIPTION: Beetle - 1 to 2 mm black. Elongate to oval shape | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| G | Wherever Yellow toadflax occurs | May | June, into flower buds | Flower-seed pods | 1 to 3 months | Larvae pupate in soil | |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | ||||
| Adults - | Young stems | Adults- early summer | Sweep net aspirator | ||||
| Larvae - | reproductive organs and seeds | ||||||
| DESCRIPTION: Moth - 12 to 14 mm pale to dark brown with white crescent marking on wing | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| N | Warm summers | May to August | May to August on leaves | Feed on leaves | Late summer or early fall | 3 to 12 days | Pupae on stems |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | F2 is possible but most larvae pupate and overwinter as 2nd generation pupae. | |||
| Larvae - | Defoliater | Larvae, mid summer and fall | Hand pick | ||||
| Adults, May to August | Aspirator | ||||||
| DESCRIPTION: Moth - 16-18 mm wing span. Black with yellow head and metallic flecks on wings | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| N | Not known | Early summer | Early summer at stem base | Mine down into root crown | 9 to 17 days | Pupae | |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | Peak collection is 1 to 2 hours before sunrise and after sunset. | |||
| Larvae - | Root feeder | Larvae | Dig root | ||||
| Adults | Aspirator | ||||||
| DESCRIPTION: Weevil - 5 mm grey colored | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| N | Does not withstand extreme cold winter temperatures | May | Late June to mid August into flower ovary | Develop in seed pods | Mid August to early October | 10 months | Adults in seed capsule or in debris |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | Avoid releasing where Brachypterolus pulicarius (carnivorus larvae) is abundant. | |||
| Larvae - | In seed pods gall tissue forms around seeds | Adults July to August | Sweep net | ||||
| DESCRIPTION: Weevil - 5 mm black elongated | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| N | Hot dry forest or grasslands, large stemmed plants | May | May to mid July into stems | Mines stem tissue | Late August and September | 3 to 4 months | Adults in stem |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | Affected stems are swollen and cracked and often dead above larvae. | |||
| Larvae - | Stem miners | Adults May to July | Light sweep net | ||||