| DESCRIPTION: Beetle - 2 to 3 mm bronze colored, oval shaped | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| G | Hot open sites; moist sandy loam; with spurge > 60 cm tall and no bare ground | Late June to early July | July to freeze up in soil near roots | Roots | 1 to 2 months | In larvae built cell in soil | |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | Avoid sites that have depressions, north aspects, and bare ground. Larvae need a 4 month cold period to develop. | |||
| Larvae - | Root miners | Adults late June to early July | Sweep net | ||||
| Adults - | Young shoots and leaves | ||||||
| DESCRIPTION: Beetle - 2.9 to 3.1 mm black | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| P | Mesic moisture loam soil. Host plant mixed with other vegetation | June to July | 1 to 2 weeks after emerging near a soil surface | Roots | 2 to 4 weeks | In larvae built cell in soil | |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | A 4 month cold period (<4 degrees C) required to pupate | |||
| Larvae - | Root miner | Adults June to July | Sweep net | ||||
| Adults - | Young shoots and leaves | ||||||
Aphthona flava
Guill.
| DESCRIPTION: Beetle - 2 to 3 mm orange-brown | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| N | Appears to prefer hot temperatures, light shade, moist soil, wide spaced plants | July | July to freeze up below soil surface near root | Roots | 2 to 4 weeks | In larvae built cell in soil | |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | Larvae needs a 4 month cold period to further initiate further development | |||
| Larvae - | Root miner | Adults late July | Sweep net | ||||
| Adults - | Young shoots and leaves | ||||||
| DESCRIPTION: Beetle - 3 mm black with light brown femur on hind legs | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| P | Widely adaptable. Adapted to mesic-dry to moist conditions. Intolerant of flood | June to July | June to August into soil near host plant | Roots | 1 to 2 months | In larvae built cell in soil | |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | Do not collect from area where parasitic protozoan Nosema sp. is present | |||
| Larvae - | Root miner | Adults June to July | Sweep net | ||||
| Adults - | Young shoots and leaves | ||||||
| DESCRIPTION: Beetle - 2 to 3 mm bronze oval shape black dot on wing cover tip | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| G | Hot dry open sites with bunch grasses where flowering spurge is < 50 cm tall | June to early July | June and July in soil near root | Roots | 1 to 2 months | In larvae built cell in soil | |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | Larvae require a 4 month cold period to initiate further development. | |||
| Larvae - | Root miner | Adults June to July | Sweep net | ||||
| Adults - | Young shoots and leaves | ||||||
| DESCRIPTION: Moth - 8 cm wing-span; checkered pink, white, and black wings | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| N | Warm summers mild winters | Spring | Spring-on leaves and stems; coincide with bloom | Leaves | 10 to 14 days | Pupae | |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | Highly susceptible to predation losses from ants. | |||
| Larvae - | Defoliater | Larvae summer to fall | Hand pick | ||||
| DESCRIPTION: Moth - 9 to 11 mm mottled yellow, brown and reddish brown | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| G | Fringe forested areas mesic soil moisture continuous plant growth through growing season. Shade. Near river/lake. | Spring | Spring and summer, singly on lower leaf surfaces | In self-rolled leaf tip (leaf-tie) | Late summer to early fall | 3 to 7 days | Pupae in leaf tie |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | Larvae are solitary and canabalistic | |||
| Larvae | Ties leaves preventing flowering | Larvae (in leaf ties) early to mid summer | Clip the leaves | ||||
| DESCRIPTION: Moth - 9.6 mm grey-brown | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| N | Cool dry well populated leafy spurge stands | June to August | Underside of leaf - may take up to 2 years to mature | 15 days | Larvae in soil | ||
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | ||||
| Larvae - | Consumes leaves and flower | May to September | Aspirate | ||||
| DESCRIPTION: Midge - Not known | |||||||
| BACKGROUND | LIFE CYCLE | ||||||
| Availability | Habitat | Adult Emergence | Egg Laying | Larva Development | F1 | Adult Life Span | Over Winters |
| N | Woodlands | Late May to early October | May to frost in gall in terminal buds | Galls in stem | 1 month | Larvae in soil | |
| ATTACK | COLLECTION | NOTES | |||||
| Stage | Damage | Life Stage | Method | ||||
| Larvae - | Galls destroy vegatative and flower buds | Late May to early October in galls | Clip stems | ||||