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Field Guide to Forest Damage in British Columbia

March 2001, Second Edition
MOF/CFS Joint Publication Number 17

Edited by John Henigman1, Tim Ebata1, Eric Allen2, Joan Westfall3, and Adriane Pollard4

Hard copies of this publication are available from Crown Publications 

Specific topic areas

Abiotic damage agents

Animal damage - back to TOP

Defoliators

Conifers - back to TOP

Western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis,
TEXT | Fig. 1 , Fig. 2

Two-year-cycle budworm, Choristoneura biennis,
TEXT | Fig. 3 , Fig. 4

Eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana,
TEXT 

Western blackheaded budworm, Acleris gloverana,
TEXT | Fig. 5 , Fig. 6, Fig. 7 , Fig. 8,  Fig. 9

Bud moths, Zeiraphera spp.,
TEXT | Fig. 10 , Fig. 11, Fig. 12 , Fig. 13

Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata,
TEXT | Fig. 14 , Fig. 15, Fig. 16 , Fig. 17

Conifer sawfly / Hemlock sawfly, Neodiprion spp.,
TEXT | Fig. 18 , Fig. 19, Fig. 20

Larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii,
TEXT | Fig. 21 , Fig. 22, Fig. 23 

Pine needle sheathminer, Zelleria haimbachi,
TEXT | Fig. 24 , Fig. 25, Fig. 26

Larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella,
TEXT | Fig. 27 , Fig. 28, Fig. 29 , Fig. 30

Western false hemlock looper, Nepytia freemani,
TEXT | Fig. 31 , Fig. 32, Fig. 33

Western hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa,
TEXT | Fig. 34 , Fig. 35, Fig. 36 

Green-striped forest looper, Melanolophia imitata,
TEXT | Fig. 37 

Black army cutworm, Actebia fennica,
TEXT | Fig. 38 , Fig. 39, Fig. 40 , Fig. 41

Trisetacus mite, Trisetacus ehmanni,
TEXT | Fig. 42

Broadleaf Trees - back to TOP

Birch leafminer, ambermarked birch leafminer, Fenusa pussila, Profenusa thomsoni
TEXT | Fig. 293, Fig. 294 , Fig. 295, Fig. 296, Fig. 297, Fig. 298 , Fig. 299 

Aspen Skeletonizer, Phratora purpurea pururea / Cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta
TEXT | Fig. 300, Fig. 301 , Fig. 302, Fig. 303, Fig. 304, 

Bruce spanworm, Operophetera bruceata / Winter moth, Operophtera brumata
TEXT | Fig. 305, Fig. 306 , Fig. 307, Fig. 308, Fig. 309, Fig. 310, Fig. 311  

Cottonwood sawfly, Nematus currani
TEXT | Fig. 312 ,  Fig. 313 

Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea
TEXT | Fig. 314 , Fig. 315, Fig. 316 

Forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria
TEXT | Fig. 317 , Fig. 318, Fig. 319, Fig. 320, Fig. 321

Large Aspen Tortrix, Choristoneura conflictana
TEXT | Fig. 322 , Fig. 323, Fig. 324 Fig. 325, Fig. 326, Fig. 327 

Northern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale
TEXT | Fig. 328 , Fig. 329, Fig. 330

Satin Moth, Leucoma salicis
TEXT | Fig. 331 , Fig. 332, Fig. 333, Fig. 334, Fig. 335

Striped Alder sawfly, Hemichroa crocea
TEXT | Fig. 336

Western winter moth, Erannis tilaria voncouverensis
TEXT | Fig. 337 , Fig. 338, Fig. 339, Fig. 340, Fig. 341

Woolly alder sawfly, Eriocampa ovata
TEXT | Fig. 342 , Fig. 343

Sucking Insects - back to TOP

Balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae,
TEXT | Fig. 43 , Fig. 44, Fig. 45 , Fig. 46,  Fig. 47

Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi
TEXT | Fig. 48 , Fig. 49, Fig. 50 , Fig. 51

Giant conifer aphid, Cinara spp.,
TEXT | Fig. 52 , Fig. 53, Fig. 54 

Green spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum,
TEXT | Fig. 55 , Fig. 56, Fig. 57 , Fig. 58

Woody Tissue Feeders

Conifers - back to TOP

Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae,
TEXT | Fig. 59 , Fig. 60, Fig. 61 , Fig. 62,  Fig. 63

Spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis,
TEXT | Fig. 64 , Fig. 65, Fig. 66 , Fig. 67,  Fig. 68

Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae,
TEXT | Fig. 69 , Fig. 70, Fig. 71 , Fig. 72,  Fig. 73

Western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus,
TEXT | Fig. 74 , Fig. 75, Fig. 76 , Fig. 77

Western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis,
TEXT | Fig. 78 , Fig. 79, Fig. 80

Ips beetle, Ips spp.,
TEXT | Fig. 81 , Fig. 82, Fig. 83

Hylurgops beetle, Hylurgops rugipennis,
TEXT | Fig. 84 , Fig. 85, Fig. 86 , Fig. 87,  Fig. 88, Fig. 89

Twig beetles, Pityogenes spp., Pityopthorus spp.,
TEXT | Fig. 91 , Fig. 92, Fig. 93

Fir engraver beetle, Scolytus ventralis,
TEXT | Fig. 94 , Fig.95

Red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens,
TEXT | Fig. 96 , Fig. 97

Lodgepole pine beetle, Dendroctonus murryanae,
TEXT | Fig. 98 , Fig. 99, Fig. 100

Silver fir beetle, Pseudohylesinus grandis, / Fir root bark beetle, Pseudohylesinus granulatus,
TEXT | Fig. 101 , Fig. 102

White pine weevil, Pissodes strobi,
TEXT | Fig. 103 , Fig. 104, Fig. 105 , Fig. 106,  Fig. 107 

Lodgepole pine terminal weevil, Pissodes terminalis,
 TEXT | Fig. 108 , Fig. 109, Fig. 110 , Fig. 111 

Warren's root collar weevil, Hylobius warreni,
TEXT | Fig. 112 , Fig. 113, Fig. 114 , Fig. 115 

Yosemite bark weevil, Pissodes schwarzi,
 TEXT | Fig. 116 , Fig. 117 

Conifer seedling weevil, Steremnius carinatus,
TEXT | Fig. 118 , Fig. 119, Fig. 120 

Sequoia pitch moth, Synanthedon sequoiae,
TEXT | Fig. 121, Fig. 122  

Northern pitch twig moth, Petrova albicapitana,
TEXT | Fig. 123 , Fig. 124, Fig. 125 , Fig. 126 

Gouty pitch midge, Cecidomyia piniinopis,
 TEXT | Fig. 127 , Fig. 128 

Broadleaf Trees - back to TOP

Bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius
TEXT | Fig. 344 , Fig. 345, Fig. 346, Fig. 347, Fig. 348, Fig. 349

Poplar borer, Saperda calcarata
TEXT | Fig. 350 , Fig. 351, Fig. 352, Fig. 353

Poplar and willow borer, Cryptorhynchus lapathi
TEXT | Fig. 354 , Fig. 355, Fig. 356, Fig. 357, Fig. 358

Root Diseases

Conifers

Armillaria root disease, Armillaria ostoyae,
TEXT | Fig. 129 , Fig. 130, Fig. 131 , Fig. 132 

Laminated root rot, Phellinus weirii, Inonotus sulphurascens,
TEXT | Fig. 133 , Fig. 134, Fig. 135 , Fig. 136 , Fig. 137  

Tomentosus root rot, Inonotus tomentosus,
TEXT | Fig. 138 , Fig. 139, Fig. 140 , Fig. 141 

Annosus root disease, Heterobasidion annosum,
TEXT | Fig. 142 , Fig. 143, Fig. 144 

Black stain root disease, Leptographium (Ceratocystis) wageneri, 
 TEXT | Fig. 145, Fig. 146 , Fig. 147,

Rhizina root disease, Rhizina undulata,
TEXT | Fig. 148 , Fig. 149 

Broadleaf Trees - back to TOP

Armillaria root disease, Armillaria ostoyae,
TEXT | Fig. 387 , Fig. 388, Fig. 389 , Fig. 390 , Fig. 391

Dwarf Mistletoes - back to TOP

Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum,
TEXT | Fig. 150 , Fig. 151, Fig. 152 

Hemlock dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium tsugense,
TEXT | Fig. 153, Fig. 154 , Fig. 155

Larch dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium laricis,
TEXT | Fig. 156, Fig. 157 , Fig. 158, Fig. 159

Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium douglasii,
TEXT | Fig. 160, Fig. 161 , Fig. 162

Branch and Stem Rusts - back to TOP

Comandra blister rust, Cronartium comandrae,
TEXT | Fig. 163, Fig. 164 , Fig. 165

Stalactiform blister rust, Cronartium coleosporioides,
TEXT | Fig. 166, Fig. 167 , Fig. 168

Western gall rust, Endocronartium harknessii,
TEXT | Fig. 169, Fig. 170 , Fig. 171, Fig. 172

White pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola,
TEXT | Fig. 173, Fig. 174 , Fig. 175, Fig. 176, Fig. 177

Branch/Stem Cankers and Diebacks

Conifers - back to TOP

Atropellis canker, Atropellis piniphila,
TEXT | Fig. 178, Fig. 179 , Fig. 180

Dermea canker, Dermea pseudotsugae,
TEXT | Fig. 181, Fig. 182

Phomopsis canker of Douglas-fir, Diaporthe (Phomopsis) lokoyae,
TEXT | Fig. 183, Fig. 184

Red flag disease, Potebniamyces balsamicola,
TEXT | Fig. 185, Fig. 186

Sydowia tip dieback, Sclerophoma spp.,
TEXT | Fig. 187 , Fig. 188, Fig. 189

Broadleaf Trees - back to TOP

Sterile conk trunk rot of birch, Inonotus obliquus
TEXT | Fig. 370 , Fig. 371

Sooty bark canker, Encoelia pruinosa
TEXT | Fig. 372 , Fig. 373

Cytospora canker, Valsa sordida
TEXT | Fig. 374 , Fig. 375

Needle Casts, Blights and Rusts

Conifers - back to TOP

Cedar leaf blight, Didymascella thujina,
TEXT | Fig. 190, Fig. 191 , Fig. 192

Large-spored spruce Labrador tea rust, Chrysomyxa ledicola,
TEXT | Fig. 193, Fig. 194 

Spruce needle cast, Lirula macrospora,
TEXT | Fig. 195, Fig. 196

Sirococcus tip blight, Sirococcus strobilinus,
TEXT | Fig. 197 , Fig. 198

Western pine-aster rust, Coleosporium asterum,
TEXT | Fig. 199, Fig. 200

Elytroderma needle cast, Elytroderma deformans,
TEXT | Fig. 201, Fig. 202 , Fig. 203, Fig. 204

Red band needle blight / Dothistroma needle blight, Mycosphaerella pini,
TEXT | Fig. 205 , Fig. 206,  Fig. 207 

Pine needle cast, Lophodermella concolor,
TEXT | Fig. 208, Fig. 209 

Douglas-fir needle cast, / Swiss needle cast Rhabdocline pseudotsugae,
TEXT | Fig. 210, Fig. 211 , Fig. 212, Fig. 213

Fir-fireweed rust, Pucciniastrum epilobii,
 TEXT | Fig. 214, Fig. 215 

Delphinella needle cast, Delphinella spp.,
TEXT | Fig. 216

Larch needle cast, Meria laricis,
TEXT | Fig. 217, Fig. 218

Larch needle blight, Hypodermella laricis,
TEXT | Fig. 219, Fig. 220 , Fig. 221

Broadleaf Trees - back to TOP

Aspen and poplar shoot blight, Venturia macularis
TEXT | Fig. 376, Fig. 377

Marssonina leaf blights, Marssonina populi
TEXT | Fig. 378 , Fig. 379

Cottonwood leaf rust, Melampsora occidentalis
TEXT | Fig. 380 , Fig. 381, Fig. 382

Linospora Leaf Blotch, Linospora tetraspora
TEXT | Fig. 383 , Fig. 384

Septoria Leaf Spot, Septoria populicola
TEXT | Fig. 385 , Fig. 386

Broom Rusts - back to TOP

Fir broom rust, Melampsorella caryophyllacearum,
TEXT | Fig. 222, Fig. 223 

Spruce broom rust, Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli,
TEXT | Fig. 224, Fig. 225 

Stem Decays

Conifers - back to TOP

Brown crumbly rot (red belt fungus), Fomitopsis pinicola
TEXT | Fig. 226, Fig. 227

Brown cubical butt & pocket rot of cedar, Postia sericeomollis
TEXT | Fig. 228, Fig. 229 , Fig. 230

Brown cubical rot (sulfur fungus) Laetiporus sulphureus
TEXT | Fig. 231, Fig. 232 , Fig. 233

Brown stringy trunk rot (indian paint fungus) Echinodontium tincotirum
TEXT | Fig. 234, Fig. 235 , Fig. 236

Brown trunk rot (quinine fungus), Fomitopsis officinalis
TEXT | Fig. 237, Fig. 238

Red heart fungus, Stereum sanguinolentum
TEXT | Fig. 239, Fig. 240 , Fig. 241

Red ring rot,  Phellinus pini,
TEXT | Fig. 242, Fig. 243 , Fig. 244a, Fig. 244b, Fig. 245

Schweinitzii butt rot, Phaelous schweinitizii
TEXT | Fig. 246, Fig. 247 , Fig. 248

Stringy butt rot, Perenniporia subacida
TEXT | Fig. 249, Fig. 250 , Fig. 251

Broadleaf Trees - back to TOP

Aspen trunk rot, Phellinus tremulae
TEXT | Fig. 359 , Fig. 360, Fig. 361

Hardwood trunk rot, Phellinus igniarius
TEXT | Fig. 362 , Fig. 363

White spongy trunk rot, Fomes fomentarius
TEXT | Fig. 364 , Fig. 365

 White mottled rot, Ganoderma applanatum
TEXT | Fig. 366 , Fig. 367

Brown cubical rot of birch, Piptoporeus betulinus
TEXT | Fig. 368 , Fig. 369

1 B.C. Ministry of Forests, Forest Practices Branch, Victoria, B.C.
2 Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, B.C.
3 EntoPath Management Ltd., Kamloops, B.C.
4 Pollard Ecological Consulting, Victoria, B.C.

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BC Ministry of Forests
Forest Practices Branch
P.O. Box 9513 Stn. Prov. Gov.
Victoria, BC
V8W 9C2

Section phone: (250) 387-8739
Section fax: (250) 387-2136

Last updated March 08, 2007

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