FRPA Resource Value: Biodiversity
Biodiversity

The Forest and Range Evaluation Program will assess the effectiveness of various forest management activities at maintaining biodiversity through the development of a program to address specific questions (objectives) and associated indicators.

Both stand-level and landscape-level biodiversity will be evaluated through a combination of routine Resource Stewardship Monitoring (RSM) and intensive effectiveness evaluations.

The goal of stand-level biodiversity monitoring is to determine if the present policy of retaining wildlife tree patches and riparian reserves is achieving the desired levels and types of structures to maintain species diversity.

What is Biodiversity? Forest & Range Practices Act: Resource Value - Biodiversity

The following quotes describing biodiversity come from a variety of government sources.

From Biodiversity in British Columbia:

Biologists use the term biodiversity to refer to life in all its forms and the habitats and natural processes that support life.

Biodiversity encompasses:

  • Genetic Diversity, meaning the genetic variation among individuals of the same species;
  • Species Diversity, meaning the number of different plants, animals, fungi, and simple organisms such as bacteria and protozoa; and
  • Ecosystem Diversity, which includes the variety of ecosystems and the different ways they function. Ecosystem diversity can include both the organisms and the interactions between them and their environment: for example, fire, climate, decay, and predator-prey relationships.

From Biodiversity Guidebook, September 1995:

"Biodiversity conservation in British Columbia is based on a variety of management strategies. It was recognized that individual species management... is neither feasible nor effective. The impact of forest management practices on many species is unknown and certain practices that benefit some species are often detrimental to others. Recommended instead is the development of an ecosystem management approach that provides suitable habitat conditions for all native species. In this way, habitat diversity is used as a surrogate to maintain biodiversity."

From Biodiversity Guidebook, September 1995:

"At the same time, however, special efforts may be needed to protect the habitat of species known to be at risk, such as threatened, endangered, or regionally important species. Specific strategies for addressing these species are part of the Identified Wildlife Strategy.

The underlying assumption of this approach is that all native species and ecological processes are more likely to be maintained if managed forests are made to resemble those forests created by the activities of natural disturbance agents such as fire, wind, insects, and disease. It has been these natural ecological processes, along with burning by aboriginal peoples, that have determined the composition, size, age, and distribution of forest types on the landscape, as well as the structural characteristics of forest stands.

The conservation of biodiversity depends on a coordinated strategy that includes:

  • a system of protected areas at the regional scale;
  • provision for a variety of habitats at the landscape scale;
  • management practices that provide important ecosystem attributes at the stand scale.
Indicators Pileated woodpecker photo by Glen Allan, Kamloops Forest District

To facilitate quantifying baselines and trends in biodiversity, indicators have been developed. A resource value indicator is a parameter that characterizes an important aspect of a resource value's condition and which may be measured to provide direct or indirect information on the state of that resource value.

Resources

The following are biodiversity-related resources:

A Benthic Invertebrate Index of Biological Integrity For Streams in the Bulkley TSA

The objective of this project is to develop a forest management effectiveness monitoring and evaluation program specific to aquatic resources that is based on direct measurement of the biota. The intention is to calibrate an index of biological integrity as part of a framework for creating site-specific biological criteria that would be used to monitor the effectiveness of management strategies and prescriptions in meeting resource management.

A Comparison and Evaluation of Existing Land Management Plans Affecting Spawning and Rearing Habitat of Snake River Basin Salmon Species Listed Under the Endangered Species Act

This report summarizes and evaluates the major provisions of seven land management approaches for their likely effectiveness in protecting and restoring vital attributes of habitat for Snake River Basin salmon species listed as "endangered" under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).

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Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Program (ABMP)

The need for a comprehensive, provincial biodiversity monitoring program to demonstrate the sustainability of forestry practices was recognized in the 1990s. As a result, several parties joined to develop the Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Program (ABMP). The program began more than five years ago and involves government, research institutions, academia and industry.

B.C. Conservation Data Centre

The British Columbia Conservation Data Centre (CDC) systematically collects and disseminates information on the rare and endangered plants, animals and plant communities of British Columbia. This information is compiled and maintained in a computerized database which provides a centralized and scientific source of information on the status, locations and level of protection of these rare organisms and ecosystems.

Biodiversity and Wildlife in British Columbia

British Columbia is home to a rich diversity and abundance of native species and habitats. Programs within the Ministry of Environment endeavour to conserve biodiversity, provide a variety of opportunities for the use and enjoyment of wildlife in B.C., and maintain a balance between the needs of wildlife and the needs of the people.

Biodiversity Guidebook

The intent of this guidebook is to provide managers, planners and field staff with a recommended process for meeting biodiversity objectives - both landscape unit and stand level - as required in the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act and it's Regulations. The practices presented here are designed to reduce the impacts of forest management on biodiversity, within targeted social and economic constraints. The recommendations presented apply to the provincial forest.

Biodiversity Publications Catalogue

BC government catalogue of biodiversity publications from various ministries.

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Canadian Information System for the Environment (CISE)

Canadian Information System for the Environment (CISE).

Conducting Large-scale Conservation Evaluation and Conservation Area Selection Using a Knowledge-based System. GIS/EM4 No. 87

The conservation suitability of land polygons was determined using a knowledge-based system (KBS), implemented in a GIS application framework, in the 56,000 km2 interior Columbia River basin (ICRB). The KBS consists of hierarchically arranged fuzzy-logic networks, which characterize logical relationships among land polygon attributes contributing to conservation suitability. Selecting land polygons using suitability as cost resulted in a network with a small number of relatively large land polygons; using area as cost produced a network of many small, but largely unsuitable, land polygons. The strengths of the KBS are its ability to integrate current knowledge and available data concerning a conservation target of interest in an explicit and flexible manner, as well as its ability to provide visualization of the spatial implications of decisions as a platform for discussion and negotiation with land managers and planners.

Dead Tree Web Site

An Information Source for Wildlife Trees, Snags, and Coarse Woody Debris.

Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network

Delivering Ecological Science to Society: influencing and informing governance, policy, adaptation and decision-making.

Evaluating Effectiveness: A Framework for Assessing the Management of Protected Areas

Guidelines for Management Planning for Protected Areas What is a management plan for a protected area? Why is one needed? These Guidelines based on global best practice drawn from many areas around the world, represent a working framework for protected areas.

Evaluation of Wildlife Tree Retention for Cutblocks Harvested between 1996-2001 under the Forest Practices Code

This evaluation is the first part of a proposed two phase project. The following report, which comprises Phase I, covers various aspects of evaluating the implementation of wildlife tree retention policy in British Columbia. Phase I also briefly touches on aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of British Columbia's current wildlife tree retention policy in preparation for the proposed second phase of the project. The plan for Phase II is to evaluate the effectiveness of current wildlife tree retention policy and practices to determine if policy direction and practices are resulting in the sustainability of key stand-level biodiversity attributes/indicators.

FishWizard

Use the FishWizard to find our most recent information about British Columbia lakes and streams and the fish in them, including salmon escapements, fish stocking records and depth maps for over 2,500 lakes. With the FishWizard, you can create maps or summary reports by following a few simple steps in sequence.

Forest Biodiversity Indicators Selection Web Tool

Welcome to the Forest Biodiversity Indicators Selection Web Tool, developed as part of the research program directed by the National Commission on Science for Sustainable Forestry. This web site will help you think about biodiversity indicators. Our site helps forest managers, stakeholders, and policy makers navigate the complex concept of measuring biodiversity for sustainable forestry.

Measuring, Monitoring and Evaluation for Biodiversity Conservation at the Ecoregional and Site Levels (NASA)

Characterizing biological diversity becomes increasingly important as widespread habitat loss and extinctions expand across the globe. Accurate assessments of species richness and endemism, the degree of threat to biological diversity, and the area of habitat remaining are crucial underpinnings of any conservation management strategy. Rapid assessment techniques must be developed to gather this information in a comprehensive and cost-effective manner.

Non-Timber Forest Products

Non-timber forest products report highlights the value of forest beneath the trees.

Oregon Dept of Forestry: Monitoring Strategy 2002

The Oregon Department of Forestry's Forest Practices Monitoring Program (FPMP) is producing valuable information for adapting forest management to better protect our natural resources and to serve the needs of the public and stakeholders.

Preliminary Assessment of the Effectiveness of Wildlife Tree Retention on Cutblocks Harvested between 1999-2001 under the Forest Practices Code

The Wildlife Tree Adequacy project was initiated in 2001 to assess the Wildlife Tree Policy as a "coarse filter" mechanism for protecting wildlife habitat. The adequacy project started with a special focus on the question of whether the habitat needs of relevant species at risk might be met by this coarse filter applied across forest landscapes. This project assesses whether the biological needs of wildlife-tree dependent species are being met in relation to habitat features recorded during a survey of wildlife tree retention in 12 forest districts. The latter survey was conducted as part of the main Wildlife Tree Policy Evaluation (Bradford et al. 2003).

Stand Level Biodiversity Web-Based Training

Biological diversity (or biodiversity) is the diversity of plants, animals and other living organisms in all their forms and levels of organization. This course teaches forest practitioners how to recognize and preserve stand-level biodiversity.

Stand-Level Biodiversity Monitoring: An Evolving Approach

The default practices for stand-level biodiversity under the Forest and Range Practices Act (FRPA) relate largely to areas of wildlife tree retention, with little direction on the type of structural attributes to be retained. In evaluating the effectiveness of stand-level biodiversity practices, our challenge is to assess if practices are effectively maintaining biodiversity over time. The first step in this process began prior to the introduction of FRPA, with an evaluation of wildlife tree retention under the Forest Practices Code (FPC) for cutblocks harvested between 1996 and 2001. Results from that study showed retention was present on 91% of the sampled cutblocks. Where retention occurred, the maintenance of pre-harvest habitat attributes was generally good, with the important exception that large trees and large standing dead trees (>70 cm dbh) were found to be very rare in post-harvest stands.

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