STEP 2. DEFINE THE SITUATION
Step 2a.
The Uplands Function Checklist (Figure 5.7) has shown that the area is in ‘at risk’ condition. We realize that action is necessary, so we begin Problem Identification and distinguish cause and effect relationships.
Here is a list of the "symptoms" we see on the ground in the uplands that will help us identify the real problem(s):
• plant community does not show good vigour
• plant community does not have fully occupied root zone
• there is minimal recruitment of desirable species
• plant composition is not as desired
• the soil is not well-protected by organic material
What is causing these symptoms that are reflected in the checklist? In each symptom we can see the effect of long-term overgrazing by livestock. We can confirm this by noting that cattle graze the area continuously from May through October. There cannot help but be severe overgrazing.
Each symptom also confirms that there has been historical overutilization of some portions of the range. Livestock distribution is uncontrolled, as there are no cross-fences. Some of the symptoms (primarily soil damage) appear to be directly related to ATV activity.
The problem on the uplands is clearly current GRAZING MANAGEMENT and ATV MANAGEMENT.
Step 2b:
The Riparian Function Checklist shows that the area is ‘at risk’ (Figure 5.8). Action is necessary, so we move to the Problem Identification step. Here is a list of the "symptoms" we see in the riparian zone that will help us identify the real problem(s):
• plant community does not show good vigour
• plant community does not show maintenance of riparian soil moisture characteristics
• evidence of trampling and bank degradation is common
• woody plants and other desired plant species are not present or abundant
• there is evidence of bank and channel erosion
• channel geometry is not in balance
What could cause the conditions reflected in the riparian function checklist? Each symptom again shows that the damage can be directly related to livestock grazing pressure and/or ATV activity. Long-term overgrazing and browsing, as well as overutilization resulting from poor livestock distribution, appear to be primary factors in rating the riparian area "at risk."
Unrestricted ATV use also appears to be affecting portions of the stream and shoreline.
As determined in the uplands analysis, the problem is clearly current GRAZING MANAGEMENT and ATV MANAGEMENT.
